Metagenomic analysis of basal ice from an Alaskan glacier

• Main Authors: Kayani, Masood ur Rehman, Doyle, Shawn M, Sangwan, Naseer, Wang, Guanqun, Gilbert, Jack A, Christner, Brent C, Zhu, Ting F
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: eScholarship, University of California 2018
• Subjects: Human Genome; Genetics; Aetiology; 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment; Alaska; Bacteria; Base Sequence; Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Genome; Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Ice Cover; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Nitrification; RNA; Ribosomal; 16S; Sequence Analysis; DNA; Sulfur; Microbiome; Glacier; Basal ice layer; Ecology; Microbiology; Medical Microbiology; glacier; glaciers
• Online Access: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j28g840

BackgroundGlaciers cover ~ 10% of land but are among the least explored environments on Earth. The basal portion of glaciers often harbors unique aquatic microbial ecosystems in the absence of sunlight, and knowledge on the microbial community structures and their metabolic potential is very limited. Here, we provide insights into the microbial lifestyle present at the base of the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska.ResultsDNA and RNA were extracted from samples of the Matanuska Glacier basal ice. Using Illumina MiSeq and HiSeq sequencing, we investigated the microbial diversity with the metagenomic shotgun reads and 16S ribosomal RNA data. We further assembled 9 partial and draft bacterial genomes from the metagenomic assembly, and identified key metabolic pathways such as sulfur oxidation and nitrification. Collectively, our analyses suggest a prevalence of lithotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms in the subglacial microbiome.ConclusionOur results present the first metagenomic assembly and bacterial draft genomes for a subglacial environment. These results extend our understanding of the chemical and biological processes in subglacial environments critically influenced by global climate change.