Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems1
Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current k...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
eScholarship, University of California
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h62q9v9 |
id |
ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4h62q9v9 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4h62q9v9 2023-06-11T04:07:22+02:00 Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems1 Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha M Anderson, Jill T Arnold, Pieter A Barrio, Isabel C Bjerke, Jarle W Björkman, Mats P Blok, Daan Blume-Werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper T Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J Cornelissen, J Hans C Coulson, Stephen J Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah C Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T’ai GW Frei, Esther R Geange, Sonya R Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Halbritter, Aud Helen Harte, John Henry, Gregory HR Inouye, David W Irwin, Rebecca E Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas J Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte MR Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-Smith, Isla H Olofsson, Johan Paavola, Riku Petraglia, Alessandro Phoenix, Gareth K Semenchuk, Philipp Siewert, Matthias B Slatyer, Rachel Spasojevic, Marko J Suding, Katharine Sullivan, Patrick Thompson, Kimberly L Väisänen, Maria Vandvik, Vigdis Venn, Susanna Walz, Josefine Way, Robert Welker, Jeffrey M Wipf, Sonja Zong, Shengwei 572 - 608 2022-09-01 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h62q9v9 unknown eScholarship, University of California qt4h62q9v9 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h62q9v9 public Arctic Science, vol 8, iss 3 review tundra ground temperatures snow experiments ITEX article 2022 ftcdlib 2023-05-29T18:00:26Z Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9days advance and 5.5days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56days) or among years (mean range 32days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic permafrost Tundra University of California: eScholarship Arctic |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
unknown |
topic |
review tundra ground temperatures snow experiments ITEX |
spellingShingle |
review tundra ground temperatures snow experiments ITEX Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha M Anderson, Jill T Arnold, Pieter A Barrio, Isabel C Bjerke, Jarle W Björkman, Mats P Blok, Daan Blume-Werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper T Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J Cornelissen, J Hans C Coulson, Stephen J Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah C Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T’ai GW Frei, Esther R Geange, Sonya R Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Halbritter, Aud Helen Harte, John Henry, Gregory HR Inouye, David W Irwin, Rebecca E Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas J Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte MR Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-Smith, Isla H Olofsson, Johan Paavola, Riku Petraglia, Alessandro Phoenix, Gareth K Semenchuk, Philipp Siewert, Matthias B Slatyer, Rachel Spasojevic, Marko J Suding, Katharine Sullivan, Patrick Thompson, Kimberly L Väisänen, Maria Vandvik, Vigdis Venn, Susanna Walz, Josefine Way, Robert Welker, Jeffrey M Wipf, Sonja Zong, Shengwei Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems1 |
topic_facet |
review tundra ground temperatures snow experiments ITEX |
description |
Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9days advance and 5.5days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56days) or among years (mean range 32days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha M Anderson, Jill T Arnold, Pieter A Barrio, Isabel C Bjerke, Jarle W Björkman, Mats P Blok, Daan Blume-Werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper T Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J Cornelissen, J Hans C Coulson, Stephen J Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah C Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T’ai GW Frei, Esther R Geange, Sonya R Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Halbritter, Aud Helen Harte, John Henry, Gregory HR Inouye, David W Irwin, Rebecca E Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas J Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte MR Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-Smith, Isla H Olofsson, Johan Paavola, Riku Petraglia, Alessandro Phoenix, Gareth K Semenchuk, Philipp Siewert, Matthias B Slatyer, Rachel Spasojevic, Marko J Suding, Katharine Sullivan, Patrick Thompson, Kimberly L Väisänen, Maria Vandvik, Vigdis Venn, Susanna Walz, Josefine Way, Robert Welker, Jeffrey M Wipf, Sonja Zong, Shengwei |
author_facet |
Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha M Anderson, Jill T Arnold, Pieter A Barrio, Isabel C Bjerke, Jarle W Björkman, Mats P Blok, Daan Blume-Werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper T Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J Cornelissen, J Hans C Coulson, Stephen J Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah C Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T’ai GW Frei, Esther R Geange, Sonya R Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Halbritter, Aud Helen Harte, John Henry, Gregory HR Inouye, David W Irwin, Rebecca E Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas J Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte MR Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-Smith, Isla H Olofsson, Johan Paavola, Riku Petraglia, Alessandro Phoenix, Gareth K Semenchuk, Philipp Siewert, Matthias B Slatyer, Rachel Spasojevic, Marko J Suding, Katharine Sullivan, Patrick Thompson, Kimberly L Väisänen, Maria Vandvik, Vigdis Venn, Susanna Walz, Josefine Way, Robert Welker, Jeffrey M Wipf, Sonja Zong, Shengwei |
author_sort |
Rixen, Christian |
title |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems1 |
title_short |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems1 |
title_full |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems1 |
title_fullStr |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems1 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems1 |
title_sort |
winters are changing: snow effects on arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems1 |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h62q9v9 |
op_coverage |
572 - 608 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Arctic permafrost Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic permafrost Tundra |
op_source |
Arctic Science, vol 8, iss 3 |
op_relation |
qt4h62q9v9 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h62q9v9 |
op_rights |
public |
_version_ |
1768380520836628480 |