Resisting Global Change: Oyster Aquaculture and Disease in an Era of Marine Heatwaves
Climate change is expected to increase heatwaves (MHWs) and disease transmission, potentially incurring losses of aquaculture stocks. Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) is a temperature-associated pathogen that predominantly affects the commercially important Pacific Oyster (Magallana gigas) and other spe...
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3rc3n510 2023-10-25T01:42:37+02:00 Resisting Global Change: Oyster Aquaculture and Disease in an Era of Marine Heatwaves Shukla, Priya Grosholz, Edwin D 2023-01-01 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rc3n510 en eng eScholarship, University of California qt3rc3n510 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rc3n510 public Ecology Aquaculture Marine Heatwaves Ostreid herpesvirus Oysters Stress Hardening etd 2023 ftcdlib 2023-09-25T18:04:47Z Climate change is expected to increase heatwaves (MHWs) and disease transmission, potentially incurring losses of aquaculture stocks. Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) is a temperature-associated pathogen that predominantly affects the commercially important Pacific Oyster (Magallana gigas) and other species around the world, with some µVars causing > 95% mortality of oyster stocks. Over the course of three studies, we explored the utility of stress hardening (SH) in ameliorating the effects of MHWs (Chapter 1) and disease outbreaks (Chapter 2) by exposing multiple oyster species to a stressor before the onset of an event as well as a comprehensive overview of OsHV-1 detections in different locations and hosts (Chapter 3). In Chapter 1, we exposed juvenile Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida), Kumamoto oysters (Crassostrea sikamea), and M. gigas to a two-week-long SH phase that involved exposure to a combination of temperature (15˚C v. 21˚C) and tide (immersion v. 6-hour tidal cycle) prior to a 72-hour simulated MHW at one of four temperatures (15˚C, 18˚C, 21˚C, 24˚C). Once the MHWs ended, a portion of O. lurida seed were grouped by their SH treatments, outplanted in Tomales Bay, CA, USA, and then assessed for mortality after nine months. Outplanted O. lurida that experienced tidal SH had perished by the time they were retrieved 279 days later. In contrast, 53.4% of O. lurida fully immersed during SH at 21˚C survived outplanting, while only 13.3% of those in the 15˚C SH treatment remained. Less than 10% of oysters across all species perished during the SH and MHW phases of the experiment, with C. sikamea experiencing the greatest losses. For Chapter 2, we investigated the effects of laboratory-based stress hardening (SH) via temperature (15˚C/16˚C v. 21˚C) and tide (tidal cycle vs. full submersion) on M. gigas and C. sikamea with the expectation that short-term exposure to warmer conditions and a simulated tidal regime would improve the performance of outplanted oysters. In 2021 and 2022, we exposed oysters to SH ... Thesis Pacific oyster University of California: eScholarship Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology Aquaculture Marine Heatwaves Ostreid herpesvirus Oysters Stress Hardening |
spellingShingle |
Ecology Aquaculture Marine Heatwaves Ostreid herpesvirus Oysters Stress Hardening Shukla, Priya Resisting Global Change: Oyster Aquaculture and Disease in an Era of Marine Heatwaves |
topic_facet |
Ecology Aquaculture Marine Heatwaves Ostreid herpesvirus Oysters Stress Hardening |
description |
Climate change is expected to increase heatwaves (MHWs) and disease transmission, potentially incurring losses of aquaculture stocks. Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) is a temperature-associated pathogen that predominantly affects the commercially important Pacific Oyster (Magallana gigas) and other species around the world, with some µVars causing > 95% mortality of oyster stocks. Over the course of three studies, we explored the utility of stress hardening (SH) in ameliorating the effects of MHWs (Chapter 1) and disease outbreaks (Chapter 2) by exposing multiple oyster species to a stressor before the onset of an event as well as a comprehensive overview of OsHV-1 detections in different locations and hosts (Chapter 3). In Chapter 1, we exposed juvenile Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida), Kumamoto oysters (Crassostrea sikamea), and M. gigas to a two-week-long SH phase that involved exposure to a combination of temperature (15˚C v. 21˚C) and tide (immersion v. 6-hour tidal cycle) prior to a 72-hour simulated MHW at one of four temperatures (15˚C, 18˚C, 21˚C, 24˚C). Once the MHWs ended, a portion of O. lurida seed were grouped by their SH treatments, outplanted in Tomales Bay, CA, USA, and then assessed for mortality after nine months. Outplanted O. lurida that experienced tidal SH had perished by the time they were retrieved 279 days later. In contrast, 53.4% of O. lurida fully immersed during SH at 21˚C survived outplanting, while only 13.3% of those in the 15˚C SH treatment remained. Less than 10% of oysters across all species perished during the SH and MHW phases of the experiment, with C. sikamea experiencing the greatest losses. For Chapter 2, we investigated the effects of laboratory-based stress hardening (SH) via temperature (15˚C/16˚C v. 21˚C) and tide (tidal cycle vs. full submersion) on M. gigas and C. sikamea with the expectation that short-term exposure to warmer conditions and a simulated tidal regime would improve the performance of outplanted oysters. In 2021 and 2022, we exposed oysters to SH ... |
author2 |
Grosholz, Edwin D |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Shukla, Priya |
author_facet |
Shukla, Priya |
author_sort |
Shukla, Priya |
title |
Resisting Global Change: Oyster Aquaculture and Disease in an Era of Marine Heatwaves |
title_short |
Resisting Global Change: Oyster Aquaculture and Disease in an Era of Marine Heatwaves |
title_full |
Resisting Global Change: Oyster Aquaculture and Disease in an Era of Marine Heatwaves |
title_fullStr |
Resisting Global Change: Oyster Aquaculture and Disease in an Era of Marine Heatwaves |
title_full_unstemmed |
Resisting Global Change: Oyster Aquaculture and Disease in an Era of Marine Heatwaves |
title_sort |
resisting global change: oyster aquaculture and disease in an era of marine heatwaves |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rc3n510 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Pacific oyster |
op_relation |
qt3rc3n510 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rc3n510 |
op_rights |
public |
_version_ |
1780739253122105344 |