Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids
Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are the most variable-sized mammalian species on Earth, displaying a 40-fold size difference between breeds.1 Although dogs of variable size are found in the archeological record,2-4 the most dramatic shifts in body size are the result of selection over the las...
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0vv521sd 2023-11-12T04:15:44+01:00 Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids Plassais, Jocelyn vonHoldt, Bridgett M Parker, Heidi G Carmagnini, Alberto Dubos, Nicolas Papa, Ilenia Bevant, Kevin Derrien, Thomas Hennelly, Lauren M Whitaker, D Thad Harris, Alex C Hogan, Andrew N Huson, Heather J Zaibert, Victor F Linderholm, Anna Haile, James Fest, Thierry Habib, Bilal Sacks, Benjamin N Benecke, Norbert Outram, Alan K Sablin, Mikhail V Germonpré, Mietje Larson, Greger Frantz, Laurent Ostrander, Elaine A 889 - 897.e9 2022-02-01 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv521sd unknown eScholarship, University of California qt0vv521sd https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv521sd public Current Biology, vol 32, iss 4 Biological Sciences Genetics Alleles Animals Body Size Breeding Canidae Humans Wolves IGF1 ancient DNA antisense lncRNA canid evolution canine dog domestication long non-coding RNA wolf Medical and Health Sciences Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Developmental Biology Biomedical and clinical sciences Psychology article 2022 ftcdlib 2023-10-16T18:05:29Z Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are the most variable-sized mammalian species on Earth, displaying a 40-fold size difference between breeds.1 Although dogs of variable size are found in the archeological record,2-4 the most dramatic shifts in body size are the result of selection over the last two centuries, as dog breeders selected and propagated phenotypic extremes within closed breeding populations.5 Analyses of over 200 domestic breeds have identified approximately 20 body size genes regulating insulin processing, fatty acid metabolism, TGFβ signaling, and skeletal formation.6-10 Of these, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) predominates, controlling approximately 15% of body size variation between breeds.8 The identification of a functional mutation associated with IGF1 has thus far proven elusive.6,10,11 Here, to identify and elucidate the role of an ancestral IGF1 allele in the propagation of modern canids, we analyzed 1,431 genome sequences from 13 species, including both ancient and modern canids, thus allowing us to define the evolutionary history of both ancestral and derived alleles at this locus. We identified a single variant in an antisense long non-coding RNA (IGF1-AS) that interacts with the IGF1 gene, creating a duplex. While the derived mutation predominates in both modern gray wolves and large domestic breeds, the ancestral allele, which predisposes to small size, was common in small-sized breeds and smaller wild canids. Our analyses demonstrate that this major regulator of canid body size nearly vanished in Pleistocene wolves, before its recent resurgence resulting from human-imposed selection for small-sized breed dogs. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus University of California: eScholarship |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Biological Sciences Genetics Alleles Animals Body Size Breeding Canidae Humans Wolves IGF1 ancient DNA antisense lncRNA canid evolution canine dog domestication long non-coding RNA wolf Medical and Health Sciences Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Developmental Biology Biomedical and clinical sciences Psychology |
spellingShingle |
Biological Sciences Genetics Alleles Animals Body Size Breeding Canidae Humans Wolves IGF1 ancient DNA antisense lncRNA canid evolution canine dog domestication long non-coding RNA wolf Medical and Health Sciences Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Developmental Biology Biomedical and clinical sciences Psychology Plassais, Jocelyn vonHoldt, Bridgett M Parker, Heidi G Carmagnini, Alberto Dubos, Nicolas Papa, Ilenia Bevant, Kevin Derrien, Thomas Hennelly, Lauren M Whitaker, D Thad Harris, Alex C Hogan, Andrew N Huson, Heather J Zaibert, Victor F Linderholm, Anna Haile, James Fest, Thierry Habib, Bilal Sacks, Benjamin N Benecke, Norbert Outram, Alan K Sablin, Mikhail V Germonpré, Mietje Larson, Greger Frantz, Laurent Ostrander, Elaine A Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids |
topic_facet |
Biological Sciences Genetics Alleles Animals Body Size Breeding Canidae Humans Wolves IGF1 ancient DNA antisense lncRNA canid evolution canine dog domestication long non-coding RNA wolf Medical and Health Sciences Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Developmental Biology Biomedical and clinical sciences Psychology |
description |
Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are the most variable-sized mammalian species on Earth, displaying a 40-fold size difference between breeds.1 Although dogs of variable size are found in the archeological record,2-4 the most dramatic shifts in body size are the result of selection over the last two centuries, as dog breeders selected and propagated phenotypic extremes within closed breeding populations.5 Analyses of over 200 domestic breeds have identified approximately 20 body size genes regulating insulin processing, fatty acid metabolism, TGFβ signaling, and skeletal formation.6-10 Of these, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) predominates, controlling approximately 15% of body size variation between breeds.8 The identification of a functional mutation associated with IGF1 has thus far proven elusive.6,10,11 Here, to identify and elucidate the role of an ancestral IGF1 allele in the propagation of modern canids, we analyzed 1,431 genome sequences from 13 species, including both ancient and modern canids, thus allowing us to define the evolutionary history of both ancestral and derived alleles at this locus. We identified a single variant in an antisense long non-coding RNA (IGF1-AS) that interacts with the IGF1 gene, creating a duplex. While the derived mutation predominates in both modern gray wolves and large domestic breeds, the ancestral allele, which predisposes to small size, was common in small-sized breeds and smaller wild canids. Our analyses demonstrate that this major regulator of canid body size nearly vanished in Pleistocene wolves, before its recent resurgence resulting from human-imposed selection for small-sized breed dogs. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Plassais, Jocelyn vonHoldt, Bridgett M Parker, Heidi G Carmagnini, Alberto Dubos, Nicolas Papa, Ilenia Bevant, Kevin Derrien, Thomas Hennelly, Lauren M Whitaker, D Thad Harris, Alex C Hogan, Andrew N Huson, Heather J Zaibert, Victor F Linderholm, Anna Haile, James Fest, Thierry Habib, Bilal Sacks, Benjamin N Benecke, Norbert Outram, Alan K Sablin, Mikhail V Germonpré, Mietje Larson, Greger Frantz, Laurent Ostrander, Elaine A |
author_facet |
Plassais, Jocelyn vonHoldt, Bridgett M Parker, Heidi G Carmagnini, Alberto Dubos, Nicolas Papa, Ilenia Bevant, Kevin Derrien, Thomas Hennelly, Lauren M Whitaker, D Thad Harris, Alex C Hogan, Andrew N Huson, Heather J Zaibert, Victor F Linderholm, Anna Haile, James Fest, Thierry Habib, Bilal Sacks, Benjamin N Benecke, Norbert Outram, Alan K Sablin, Mikhail V Germonpré, Mietje Larson, Greger Frantz, Laurent Ostrander, Elaine A |
author_sort |
Plassais, Jocelyn |
title |
Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids |
title_short |
Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids |
title_full |
Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids |
title_fullStr |
Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids |
title_full_unstemmed |
Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids |
title_sort |
natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv521sd |
op_coverage |
889 - 897.e9 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
Current Biology, vol 32, iss 4 |
op_relation |
qt0vv521sd https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv521sd |
op_rights |
public |
_version_ |
1782333011714375680 |