Understanding and Controlling the Widespread Piscine Pathogen Streptococcus iniae
Streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive bacterium and one of the primary etiologic agents of piscine streptococcosis, a pervasive disease that costs the global aquaculture industry billions of dollars in annual losses. Treatment by antimicrobial administration and prevention by vaccination have had l...
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0cj6k2p0 2023-09-05T13:13:51+02:00 Understanding and Controlling the Widespread Piscine Pathogen Streptococcus iniae Heckman, Taylor Ilima-Jean Soto, Esteban 2021-01-01 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cj6k2p0 en eng eScholarship, University of California qt0cj6k2p0 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cj6k2p0 public Microbiology Animal diseases Aquatic sciences Aquaculture Fish disease Streptococcosis Streptococcus iniae etd 2021 ftcdlib 2023-08-14T18:05:02Z Streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive bacterium and one of the primary etiologic agents of piscine streptococcosis, a pervasive disease that costs the global aquaculture industry billions of dollars in annual losses. Treatment by antimicrobial administration and prevention by vaccination have had limited success in controlling S. iniae. The primary obstacle for developing effective and sustainable control strategies is a lack of understanding regarding the genetic and antigenic diversity of S. iniae in relation to its pathogenesis. As a re-emerging pathogen, our understanding of the geographic and host range of S. iniae is still expanding. Since the first isolation of S. iniae from skin lesions of a captive Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) in 1976, it has been reported from almost 100 wild, farmed, and ornamental fish species inhabiting fresh, euryhaline and marine environments across every continent except Antarctica. Additionally, S. iniae is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen, capable of causing systemic disease in humans and other mammals. The work presented in this dissertation aims to elucidate the genetics, ecology, and infection dynamics of strains from varied isolation sources with translatable results for aquaculture. A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme was developed to understand the genetic relationships between diverse isolates and uncover shared phenotypic and virulence characteristics. The MLSA phylogenies were comparable to established genotyping methods and placed the S. iniae isolates into 5 major clades relating to phenotype and host species. Characterized strains from different genetic backgrounds were assessed for their ability to form biofilms, and for the role of biofilms in environmental persistence and resistance to treatment and disinfection. All strains formed biofilms within 72 hours using the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay® system, and biofilms drastically increased the aquatic persistence of S. iniae and resistance to antimicrobials commonly ... Thesis Antarc* Antarctica University of California: eScholarship |
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University of California: eScholarship |
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language |
English |
topic |
Microbiology Animal diseases Aquatic sciences Aquaculture Fish disease Streptococcosis Streptococcus iniae |
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Microbiology Animal diseases Aquatic sciences Aquaculture Fish disease Streptococcosis Streptococcus iniae Heckman, Taylor Ilima-Jean Understanding and Controlling the Widespread Piscine Pathogen Streptococcus iniae |
topic_facet |
Microbiology Animal diseases Aquatic sciences Aquaculture Fish disease Streptococcosis Streptococcus iniae |
description |
Streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive bacterium and one of the primary etiologic agents of piscine streptococcosis, a pervasive disease that costs the global aquaculture industry billions of dollars in annual losses. Treatment by antimicrobial administration and prevention by vaccination have had limited success in controlling S. iniae. The primary obstacle for developing effective and sustainable control strategies is a lack of understanding regarding the genetic and antigenic diversity of S. iniae in relation to its pathogenesis. As a re-emerging pathogen, our understanding of the geographic and host range of S. iniae is still expanding. Since the first isolation of S. iniae from skin lesions of a captive Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) in 1976, it has been reported from almost 100 wild, farmed, and ornamental fish species inhabiting fresh, euryhaline and marine environments across every continent except Antarctica. Additionally, S. iniae is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen, capable of causing systemic disease in humans and other mammals. The work presented in this dissertation aims to elucidate the genetics, ecology, and infection dynamics of strains from varied isolation sources with translatable results for aquaculture. A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme was developed to understand the genetic relationships between diverse isolates and uncover shared phenotypic and virulence characteristics. The MLSA phylogenies were comparable to established genotyping methods and placed the S. iniae isolates into 5 major clades relating to phenotype and host species. Characterized strains from different genetic backgrounds were assessed for their ability to form biofilms, and for the role of biofilms in environmental persistence and resistance to treatment and disinfection. All strains formed biofilms within 72 hours using the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay® system, and biofilms drastically increased the aquatic persistence of S. iniae and resistance to antimicrobials commonly ... |
author2 |
Soto, Esteban |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Heckman, Taylor Ilima-Jean |
author_facet |
Heckman, Taylor Ilima-Jean |
author_sort |
Heckman, Taylor Ilima-Jean |
title |
Understanding and Controlling the Widespread Piscine Pathogen Streptococcus iniae |
title_short |
Understanding and Controlling the Widespread Piscine Pathogen Streptococcus iniae |
title_full |
Understanding and Controlling the Widespread Piscine Pathogen Streptococcus iniae |
title_fullStr |
Understanding and Controlling the Widespread Piscine Pathogen Streptococcus iniae |
title_full_unstemmed |
Understanding and Controlling the Widespread Piscine Pathogen Streptococcus iniae |
title_sort |
understanding and controlling the widespread piscine pathogen streptococcus iniae |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cj6k2p0 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_relation |
qt0cj6k2p0 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cj6k2p0 |
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public |
_version_ |
1776204992411074560 |