Insights Into Marine Unicellular Cyanobacterial and Non-Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs Through Single-Cell Analyses
Nutrient availability affects primary productivity, and nitrogen (N) is the limiting nutrient over large regions of the ocean. Biological N fixation (BNF) is the conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to bioavailable forms of N (ammonium and amino acids). A select group of Bacteria and Archaea, k...
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt9886g5gm 2023-05-15T15:04:54+02:00 Insights Into Marine Unicellular Cyanobacterial and Non-Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs Through Single-Cell Analyses Harding, Katie Jean Zehr, Jonathan P. 2021-01-01 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9886g5gm en eng eScholarship, University of California qt9886g5gm https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9886g5gm public Biological oceanography Arctic Diazotrophs nanoSIMS Nitrogen Fixation Non-cyanobacterial Diazotrophs UCYN-A etd 2021 ftcdlib 2021-08-16T17:10:20Z Nutrient availability affects primary productivity, and nitrogen (N) is the limiting nutrient over large regions of the ocean. Biological N fixation (BNF) is the conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to bioavailable forms of N (ammonium and amino acids). A select group of Bacteria and Archaea, known as diazotrophs, are the only organisms capable of this conversion. BNF is a critical source of N in nutrient-depleted (oligotrophic) marine waters. As such, BNF studies are a fundamental component for better understanding primary productivity and carbon cycling, as well as parameterizing predictive future global ocean models. Unicellular diazotrophs are widespread in marine systems and, in some cases, important contributors of BNF. This dissertation investigates unicellular diazotrophs at the single-cell level, including UCYN-A, a cyanobacterial diazotroph that lives in symbiosis with an algal host, non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs), which are putative heterotrophs, and a specific NCD known as Gamma A, which is a commonly occurring organism throughout the tropics and subtropics that belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria. The single-cell investigations used in these studies can provide high-resolution insights that are not possible from community-level analyses of BNF, such as the N2 fixation rate of individual cells and cell morphology. Single-cell nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) analyses were used in chapters 2 and 3 to investigate the cell-specific N2 fixation rates of UCYN-A in the cold waters of the Bering and Arctic Seas where N2 fixation was not previously believed to be possible (chapter 2), and NCDs in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre where we demonstrated the first direct evidence of NCD N2 fixation on open ocean particles (chapter 3). Chapter 4 focused on a specific uncultivated NCD, Gamma A, using geneFISH to visualize single cells in natural seawater samples. We successfully identified Gamma A cells by developing a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probe targeting the diazotrophic functional marker gene nifH, revealing Gamma A cells are most often attached to particles. Together these studies provide new insights into the distributions, activities, and physiologies of geographically widespread, unicellular diazotrophs, thus improving our understanding of their roles as sources of fixed N in the surface ocean. Other/Unknown Material Arctic University of California: eScholarship Arctic Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
English |
topic |
Biological oceanography Arctic Diazotrophs nanoSIMS Nitrogen Fixation Non-cyanobacterial Diazotrophs UCYN-A |
spellingShingle |
Biological oceanography Arctic Diazotrophs nanoSIMS Nitrogen Fixation Non-cyanobacterial Diazotrophs UCYN-A Harding, Katie Jean Insights Into Marine Unicellular Cyanobacterial and Non-Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs Through Single-Cell Analyses |
topic_facet |
Biological oceanography Arctic Diazotrophs nanoSIMS Nitrogen Fixation Non-cyanobacterial Diazotrophs UCYN-A |
description |
Nutrient availability affects primary productivity, and nitrogen (N) is the limiting nutrient over large regions of the ocean. Biological N fixation (BNF) is the conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to bioavailable forms of N (ammonium and amino acids). A select group of Bacteria and Archaea, known as diazotrophs, are the only organisms capable of this conversion. BNF is a critical source of N in nutrient-depleted (oligotrophic) marine waters. As such, BNF studies are a fundamental component for better understanding primary productivity and carbon cycling, as well as parameterizing predictive future global ocean models. Unicellular diazotrophs are widespread in marine systems and, in some cases, important contributors of BNF. This dissertation investigates unicellular diazotrophs at the single-cell level, including UCYN-A, a cyanobacterial diazotroph that lives in symbiosis with an algal host, non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs), which are putative heterotrophs, and a specific NCD known as Gamma A, which is a commonly occurring organism throughout the tropics and subtropics that belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria. The single-cell investigations used in these studies can provide high-resolution insights that are not possible from community-level analyses of BNF, such as the N2 fixation rate of individual cells and cell morphology. Single-cell nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) analyses were used in chapters 2 and 3 to investigate the cell-specific N2 fixation rates of UCYN-A in the cold waters of the Bering and Arctic Seas where N2 fixation was not previously believed to be possible (chapter 2), and NCDs in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre where we demonstrated the first direct evidence of NCD N2 fixation on open ocean particles (chapter 3). Chapter 4 focused on a specific uncultivated NCD, Gamma A, using geneFISH to visualize single cells in natural seawater samples. We successfully identified Gamma A cells by developing a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probe targeting the diazotrophic functional marker gene nifH, revealing Gamma A cells are most often attached to particles. Together these studies provide new insights into the distributions, activities, and physiologies of geographically widespread, unicellular diazotrophs, thus improving our understanding of their roles as sources of fixed N in the surface ocean. |
author2 |
Zehr, Jonathan P. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Harding, Katie Jean |
author_facet |
Harding, Katie Jean |
author_sort |
Harding, Katie Jean |
title |
Insights Into Marine Unicellular Cyanobacterial and Non-Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs Through Single-Cell Analyses |
title_short |
Insights Into Marine Unicellular Cyanobacterial and Non-Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs Through Single-Cell Analyses |
title_full |
Insights Into Marine Unicellular Cyanobacterial and Non-Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs Through Single-Cell Analyses |
title_fullStr |
Insights Into Marine Unicellular Cyanobacterial and Non-Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs Through Single-Cell Analyses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Insights Into Marine Unicellular Cyanobacterial and Non-Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs Through Single-Cell Analyses |
title_sort |
insights into marine unicellular cyanobacterial and non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs through single-cell analyses |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9886g5gm |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
qt9886g5gm https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9886g5gm |
op_rights |
public |
_version_ |
1766336641774911488 |