The [C II]/[N II] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey
ABSTRACT We present Atacama Compact Array and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment observations of the [Nii] 205 μm fine-structure line in 40 sub-millimetre galaxies lying at redshifts z= 3–6, drawn from the 2500deg2 South Pole Telescope survey. This represents the largest uniformly selected sample of high...
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt5796c2vf 2023-05-15T18:22:08+02:00 The [C II]/[N II] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey Cunningham, DJM Chapman, SC Aravena, M De Breuck, C Bethermin, M Chen, Chian-Chou Dong, Chenxing Gonzalez, AH Greve, TR Litke, KC Ma, J Malkan, M Marrone, DP Miller, T Phadke, KA Reuter, C Rotermund, K Spilker, JS Stark, AA Strandet, M Vieira, JD Weiss, A 4090 - 4097 2020-05-01 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5796c2vf unknown eScholarship, University of California qt5796c2vf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5796c2vf public MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, vol 494, iss 3 galaxies: evolution galaxies: high-redshift galaxies: statistics submillimetre: galaxies submillimetre: ISM astro-ph.GA Astronomy & Astrophysics Astronomical and Space Sciences article 2020 ftcdlib 2021-11-01T18:16:12Z ABSTRACT We present Atacama Compact Array and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment observations of the [Nii] 205 μm fine-structure line in 40 sub-millimetre galaxies lying at redshifts z= 3–6, drawn from the 2500deg2 South Pole Telescope survey. This represents the largest uniformly selected sample of high-redshift [Nii] 205 μm measurements to date. 29 sources also have [Cii] 158 μm line observations allowing a characterization of the distribution of the [Cii] to [Nii] luminosity ratio for the first time at high redshift. The sample exhibits a median L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ ≈ 11.0 and interquartile range of 5.0 –24.7. These ratios are similar to those observed in local (Ultra)luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), possibly indicating similarities in their interstellar medium. At the extremes, we find individual sub-millimetre galaxies with L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ low enough to suggest a smaller contribution from neutral gas than ionized gas to the [Cii] flux and high enough to suggest strongly photon or X-ray region dominated flux. These results highlight a large range in this line luminosity ratio for sub-millimetre galaxies, which may be caused by variations in gas density, the relative abundances of carbon and nitrogen, ionization parameter, metallicity, and a variation in the fractional abundance of ionized and neutral interstellar medium. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole University of California: eScholarship South Pole |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
unknown |
topic |
galaxies: evolution galaxies: high-redshift galaxies: statistics submillimetre: galaxies submillimetre: ISM astro-ph.GA Astronomy & Astrophysics Astronomical and Space Sciences |
spellingShingle |
galaxies: evolution galaxies: high-redshift galaxies: statistics submillimetre: galaxies submillimetre: ISM astro-ph.GA Astronomy & Astrophysics Astronomical and Space Sciences Cunningham, DJM Chapman, SC Aravena, M De Breuck, C Bethermin, M Chen, Chian-Chou Dong, Chenxing Gonzalez, AH Greve, TR Litke, KC Ma, J Malkan, M Marrone, DP Miller, T Phadke, KA Reuter, C Rotermund, K Spilker, JS Stark, AA Strandet, M Vieira, JD Weiss, A The [C II]/[N II] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
topic_facet |
galaxies: evolution galaxies: high-redshift galaxies: statistics submillimetre: galaxies submillimetre: ISM astro-ph.GA Astronomy & Astrophysics Astronomical and Space Sciences |
description |
ABSTRACT We present Atacama Compact Array and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment observations of the [Nii] 205 μm fine-structure line in 40 sub-millimetre galaxies lying at redshifts z= 3–6, drawn from the 2500deg2 South Pole Telescope survey. This represents the largest uniformly selected sample of high-redshift [Nii] 205 μm measurements to date. 29 sources also have [Cii] 158 μm line observations allowing a characterization of the distribution of the [Cii] to [Nii] luminosity ratio for the first time at high redshift. The sample exhibits a median L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ ≈ 11.0 and interquartile range of 5.0 –24.7. These ratios are similar to those observed in local (Ultra)luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), possibly indicating similarities in their interstellar medium. At the extremes, we find individual sub-millimetre galaxies with L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ low enough to suggest a smaller contribution from neutral gas than ionized gas to the [Cii] flux and high enough to suggest strongly photon or X-ray region dominated flux. These results highlight a large range in this line luminosity ratio for sub-millimetre galaxies, which may be caused by variations in gas density, the relative abundances of carbon and nitrogen, ionization parameter, metallicity, and a variation in the fractional abundance of ionized and neutral interstellar medium. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cunningham, DJM Chapman, SC Aravena, M De Breuck, C Bethermin, M Chen, Chian-Chou Dong, Chenxing Gonzalez, AH Greve, TR Litke, KC Ma, J Malkan, M Marrone, DP Miller, T Phadke, KA Reuter, C Rotermund, K Spilker, JS Stark, AA Strandet, M Vieira, JD Weiss, A |
author_facet |
Cunningham, DJM Chapman, SC Aravena, M De Breuck, C Bethermin, M Chen, Chian-Chou Dong, Chenxing Gonzalez, AH Greve, TR Litke, KC Ma, J Malkan, M Marrone, DP Miller, T Phadke, KA Reuter, C Rotermund, K Spilker, JS Stark, AA Strandet, M Vieira, JD Weiss, A |
author_sort |
Cunningham, DJM |
title |
The [C II]/[N II] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_short |
The [C II]/[N II] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_full |
The [C II]/[N II] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_fullStr |
The [C II]/[N II] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_full_unstemmed |
The [C II]/[N II] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_sort |
[c ii]/[n ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the south pole telescope survey |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5796c2vf |
op_coverage |
4090 - 4097 |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_source |
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, vol 494, iss 3 |
op_relation |
qt5796c2vf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5796c2vf |
op_rights |
public |
_version_ |
1766201498049445888 |