Quasi-decadal signals of Sahel rainfall and West African monsoon since the mid-twentieth century

• Main Authors: Dieppois, B, Diedhiou, A, Durand, A, Fournier, M, Massei, N, Sebag, D, Xue, Y, Fontaine, B
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: eScholarship, University of California 2013
• Subjects: West African Monsoon; Sahel rainfall; Sea-Surface Temperature; Quasi-decadal scale; zonal contrast; Atmospheric Sciences; Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience; Pacific; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1737z6tw

Sahel rainfall shows pronounced decadal variability and a negative trend between wet conditions in the 1950s-1960s and dry ones in the 1970s-1980s. Using continuous wavelet transform, the quasi-decadal variability (QDV) of rainfall reveals zonal contrasts. The highest QDV is identified in the 1950s-1960s over western Sahel and in the 1970s-1980s over eastern Sahel. The quasi-decadal atmospheric anomalies have been reconstructed using Fourier transform for the 1950s-1960s and the 1970s-1980s, respectively, and assessed by the composite analysis of the QDV phases for the periods before and after 1968. Over western Sahel, the rainfall QDV in the 1950s-1960s is related to the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability, as highlighted by the wavelet coherence. A southward shift trend of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is identified through an enhancement of northeasterly fluxes and moisture convergence over the western part of West Africa. A decrease (increase) of southern (northern) subtropical sinking motions seems to be involved. In the 1970s-1980s, a strengthening of cross-equatorial Atlantic SST and pressure gradients is related to an increase of monsoon flow from lower troposphere up to the midtroposphere and to the northward shift of the ITCZ, mainly over eastern Sahel. The Pacific SST influence is also identified, which involves changes in the global zonal circulation. Key Points Zonal contrasts are detected in Sahel rainfall at quasi-decadal scale Quasi-decadal signals of the WAM are identified in both wet and dry periods Modifications of SST forcing are observed between wet and dry periods ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.