Flight behaviours in birds : studying aerial insectivores at a local scale using 3D trajectometry
Flight is a locomotion mode offering numerous advantages, and has allowed birds to undergo a dramatic evolutionary radiation. This adaption deeply influences their anatomy, their physiology, and their behaviour. This manuscript firstly describes the main physical and biological principles necessary...
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Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
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2022
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Online Access: | https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/file/RUAUX_Geoffrey.pdf |
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:tel-04050891v1 2023-11-12T04:08:55+01:00 Flight behaviours in birds : studying aerial insectivores at a local scale using 3D trajectometry Comportements de vol chez les oiseaux : approche de trajectométrie 3D à l'échelle locale chez les insectivores aériens Ruaux, Geoffrey Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS) Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN) Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université de Rennes Sophie Lumineau Emmanuel de Margerie 2022-12-15 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/file/RUAUX_Geoffrey.pdf en eng HAL CCSD NNT: 2022REN1B076 tel-04050891 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/file/RUAUX_Geoffrey.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891 Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]. Université de Rennes, 2022. English. ⟨NNT : 2022REN1B076⟩ Common swift House martin Foraging Energy Biomechanics Martinet noir Hirondelle de fenêtre Recherche alimentaire Énergie Biomécanique [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2022 ftccsdartic 2023-10-21T22:48:58Z Flight is a locomotion mode offering numerous advantages, and has allowed birds to undergo a dramatic evolutionary radiation. This adaption deeply influences their anatomy, their physiology, and their behaviour. This manuscript firstly describes the main physical and biological principles necessary to understand flight. Then, we make a literature review on the development of flight behaviours, and describe the methods used to study flight in birds. To allow a deeper understanding of flight behaviours, we focus on two aerial insectivores: the common swift (Apus apus) and the house martin (Delichon urbicum) which perform almost all of their behaviours in flight. We use a 3D trajectometry method at a local scale in order to describe vital behaviours in these two species, and to understand how energy economy is made and modulated by specific trade-offs. Firstly, we study how common swifts drink on the wing, and we show that they actively dissipate mechanical energy when approaching a waterbody in order to reduce their impact speed, partly through sharp turns and the use of headwind. This surprisingly costly behaviour might be the result of a trade-off between energy expenditure and safety, because approaching water at a high speed is risky. Secondly, we describe several strategies used by house martins to save energy during foraging, such as the extraction of environmental energy (thermal soaring) and the optimisation of their flight speed depending on wind speed and direction. Finally, we compare the distribution of speeds between juvenile and adult individuals, and we show that juveniles exhibit more variable flight speeds than adults, possibly because their flight behaviours are not immediately optimal after leaving the nest. These results benefit to the general understanding of flight behaviours in these species very adapted to the aerial environment. Comparative studies focusing on the same behaviour in several species exhibiting a gradient in some life history traits could allow a deeper understanding of these ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Apus apus Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
Common swift House martin Foraging Energy Biomechanics Martinet noir Hirondelle de fenêtre Recherche alimentaire Énergie Biomécanique [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] |
spellingShingle |
Common swift House martin Foraging Energy Biomechanics Martinet noir Hirondelle de fenêtre Recherche alimentaire Énergie Biomécanique [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] Ruaux, Geoffrey Flight behaviours in birds : studying aerial insectivores at a local scale using 3D trajectometry |
topic_facet |
Common swift House martin Foraging Energy Biomechanics Martinet noir Hirondelle de fenêtre Recherche alimentaire Énergie Biomécanique [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] |
description |
Flight is a locomotion mode offering numerous advantages, and has allowed birds to undergo a dramatic evolutionary radiation. This adaption deeply influences their anatomy, their physiology, and their behaviour. This manuscript firstly describes the main physical and biological principles necessary to understand flight. Then, we make a literature review on the development of flight behaviours, and describe the methods used to study flight in birds. To allow a deeper understanding of flight behaviours, we focus on two aerial insectivores: the common swift (Apus apus) and the house martin (Delichon urbicum) which perform almost all of their behaviours in flight. We use a 3D trajectometry method at a local scale in order to describe vital behaviours in these two species, and to understand how energy economy is made and modulated by specific trade-offs. Firstly, we study how common swifts drink on the wing, and we show that they actively dissipate mechanical energy when approaching a waterbody in order to reduce their impact speed, partly through sharp turns and the use of headwind. This surprisingly costly behaviour might be the result of a trade-off between energy expenditure and safety, because approaching water at a high speed is risky. Secondly, we describe several strategies used by house martins to save energy during foraging, such as the extraction of environmental energy (thermal soaring) and the optimisation of their flight speed depending on wind speed and direction. Finally, we compare the distribution of speeds between juvenile and adult individuals, and we show that juveniles exhibit more variable flight speeds than adults, possibly because their flight behaviours are not immediately optimal after leaving the nest. These results benefit to the general understanding of flight behaviours in these species very adapted to the aerial environment. Comparative studies focusing on the same behaviour in several species exhibiting a gradient in some life history traits could allow a deeper understanding of these ... |
author2 |
Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS) Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN) Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université de Rennes Sophie Lumineau Emmanuel de Margerie |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Ruaux, Geoffrey |
author_facet |
Ruaux, Geoffrey |
author_sort |
Ruaux, Geoffrey |
title |
Flight behaviours in birds : studying aerial insectivores at a local scale using 3D trajectometry |
title_short |
Flight behaviours in birds : studying aerial insectivores at a local scale using 3D trajectometry |
title_full |
Flight behaviours in birds : studying aerial insectivores at a local scale using 3D trajectometry |
title_fullStr |
Flight behaviours in birds : studying aerial insectivores at a local scale using 3D trajectometry |
title_full_unstemmed |
Flight behaviours in birds : studying aerial insectivores at a local scale using 3D trajectometry |
title_sort |
flight behaviours in birds : studying aerial insectivores at a local scale using 3d trajectometry |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/file/RUAUX_Geoffrey.pdf |
genre |
Apus apus |
genre_facet |
Apus apus |
op_source |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891 Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]. Université de Rennes, 2022. English. ⟨NNT : 2022REN1B076⟩ |
op_relation |
NNT: 2022REN1B076 tel-04050891 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-04050891/file/RUAUX_Geoffrey.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1782329115851882496 |