Absorption and oscillation tomography of the deep Earth with KM3NeT and future atmospheric neutrino detectors
Structure and composition of the deep Earth are constrained by seismic methods and geochemical models based on primitive meteorites. These leave some questions unsolved, such as the exact composition of the outer core or the nature of seismic anomalies at the core/mantle boundary (LLSVP). Neutrinos...
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Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2022
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Online Access: | https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/file/PhD_Thesis_final.pdf |
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English |
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neutrino oscillation absorption Earth matter LLSVP Terre matière [PHYS]Physics [physics] |
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neutrino oscillation absorption Earth matter LLSVP Terre matière [PHYS]Physics [physics] Maderer, Lukas Absorption and oscillation tomography of the deep Earth with KM3NeT and future atmospheric neutrino detectors |
topic_facet |
neutrino oscillation absorption Earth matter LLSVP Terre matière [PHYS]Physics [physics] |
description |
Structure and composition of the deep Earth are constrained by seismic methods and geochemical models based on primitive meteorites. These leave some questions unsolved, such as the exact composition of the outer core or the nature of seismic anomalies at the core/mantle boundary (LLSVP). Neutrinos are neutral elementary particles that only interact with matter by the weak force and are thus able to cover large distances even through dense media such as the Earth, opening a new window to study our planet's interior. By studying absorption of atmospheric neutrinos>30TeV, absorption tomography allows to draw conclusions about the average matter density along the neutrino path. Furthermore, at energies of a few GeV, oscillation tomography exploits the fact that neutrino avour oscillations are affected by the electron density along the neutrino path, an observable connected to both the matter density and chemical composition of the traversed media. The first studies in this thesis are performed for the two water-Cherenkov detectors ARCA and ORCA, currently being built in the Mediterranean Sea as part of the KM3NeT infrastructure. The detector response is modelled using Monte Carlo simulations developed within the KM3NeT Collaboration. Absorption tomography with ARCA can resolve the average radial density profile of the Earth with a clear separation of core and mantle. The precision from studying atmospheric neutrinos alone appears insufficient to study finer structures. Improvements could come by exploiting the high energy astrophysical neutrino flux, as detected by IceCube. From oscillation tomography with ORCA, density variations compared to PREM can be constrained with a respective precision of +24%/-32% for the inner core and ~5% for the lower mantle, with 10 yr of ORCA data. In the same timescale, ORCA could constrain the density variations of large seismic anomalies in the deep mantle to +24%/-21 %. The sensitivity to the proton-to-nucleon ratio (Z/A) in the outer core was found to be ~5 %. The second part ... |
author2 |
APC - Neutrinos AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)) Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Cité Edoaurd Kaminsiki |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Maderer, Lukas |
author_facet |
Maderer, Lukas |
author_sort |
Maderer, Lukas |
title |
Absorption and oscillation tomography of the deep Earth with KM3NeT and future atmospheric neutrino detectors |
title_short |
Absorption and oscillation tomography of the deep Earth with KM3NeT and future atmospheric neutrino detectors |
title_full |
Absorption and oscillation tomography of the deep Earth with KM3NeT and future atmospheric neutrino detectors |
title_fullStr |
Absorption and oscillation tomography of the deep Earth with KM3NeT and future atmospheric neutrino detectors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Absorption and oscillation tomography of the deep Earth with KM3NeT and future atmospheric neutrino detectors |
title_sort |
absorption and oscillation tomography of the deep earth with km3net and future atmospheric neutrino detectors |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/file/PhD_Thesis_final.pdf |
genre |
Orca |
genre_facet |
Orca |
op_source |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695 Physics [physics]. Université Paris Cité, 2022. English. ⟨NNT : ⟩ |
op_relation |
tel-03859695 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/file/PhD_Thesis_final.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1781704592403202048 |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:tel-03859695v1 2023-11-05T03:44:31+01:00 Absorption and oscillation tomography of the deep Earth with KM3NeT and future atmospheric neutrino detectors Tomographie par absorption et par oscillation de la terre profonde avec KM3NeT et les futurs détecteurs de neutrinos atmosphériques Maderer, Lukas APC - Neutrinos AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)) Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Cité Edoaurd Kaminsiki 2022-10-21 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/file/PhD_Thesis_final.pdf en eng HAL CCSD tel-03859695 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695/file/PhD_Thesis_final.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://theses.hal.science/tel-03859695 Physics [physics]. Université Paris Cité, 2022. English. ⟨NNT : ⟩ neutrino oscillation absorption Earth matter LLSVP Terre matière [PHYS]Physics [physics] info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2022 ftccsdartic 2023-10-07T22:51:31Z Structure and composition of the deep Earth are constrained by seismic methods and geochemical models based on primitive meteorites. These leave some questions unsolved, such as the exact composition of the outer core or the nature of seismic anomalies at the core/mantle boundary (LLSVP). Neutrinos are neutral elementary particles that only interact with matter by the weak force and are thus able to cover large distances even through dense media such as the Earth, opening a new window to study our planet's interior. By studying absorption of atmospheric neutrinos>30TeV, absorption tomography allows to draw conclusions about the average matter density along the neutrino path. Furthermore, at energies of a few GeV, oscillation tomography exploits the fact that neutrino avour oscillations are affected by the electron density along the neutrino path, an observable connected to both the matter density and chemical composition of the traversed media. The first studies in this thesis are performed for the two water-Cherenkov detectors ARCA and ORCA, currently being built in the Mediterranean Sea as part of the KM3NeT infrastructure. The detector response is modelled using Monte Carlo simulations developed within the KM3NeT Collaboration. Absorption tomography with ARCA can resolve the average radial density profile of the Earth with a clear separation of core and mantle. The precision from studying atmospheric neutrinos alone appears insufficient to study finer structures. Improvements could come by exploiting the high energy astrophysical neutrino flux, as detected by IceCube. From oscillation tomography with ORCA, density variations compared to PREM can be constrained with a respective precision of +24%/-32% for the inner core and ~5% for the lower mantle, with 10 yr of ORCA data. In the same timescale, ORCA could constrain the density variations of large seismic anomalies in the deep mantle to +24%/-21 %. The sensitivity to the proton-to-nucleon ratio (Z/A) in the outer core was found to be ~5 %. The second part ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Orca Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |