Climate change impacts on the distribution of the benthic macrofauna in the English Channel

• Main Author: Gaudin, François
• Other Authors: Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff Roscoff (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, Nicolas Desroy, Éric Thiébaut
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2017
• Subjects: Benthic macrofauna; Climate change; Seabed temperature; Macrofaune benthique; Changement climatique; Température de fond; Changements de distribution; Modèles de distribution d'espèces; Manche; [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography; Carrefour; North East Atlantic
• Online Access: https://theses.hal.science/tel-01661329; https://theses.hal.science/tel-01661329/document; https://theses.hal.science/tel-01661329/file/2017PA066182.pdf

In the North-East Atlantic, the English Channel constitutes a biogeographical transition zone between the Boreal and Lusitanian provinces. Thus, many species reach there their distribution range limits. The aim of this thesis is to assess the effects of recent climate change on the distribution of the subtidal benthic macrofauna, poorly studied to date, basing on the comparison of data collected during a cool period (i.e. 1960s-70s) and during a warm period (i.e. 2012 and 2014) in the circalittoral coarse sediments. Two large communities were highlighted in the study of the structure of the assemblages found in this habitat: the gravelly coarse sand community and the pebbles and gravels community. The analysis of the evolution of seabed temperature for the last 30 years showed the spatial heterogeneity of the warming, varying from 0.1 to 0.5°C per decade from West to East. This warming did not translate into large species distribution shifts but into a sharp decrease in the number of occurrences of cold-water species and a sharp increase in the number of occurrences of warm-water species. Development of species distribution models allowed to identify the relative importance of climatic and edaphic factors in the distribution of benthic invertebrates in the Channel and to assess the species’ ability to adjust their distribution to the rise in temperature. The whole results suggest that ongoing climate change could lead to a decrease in benthic biodiversity at range limits, especially where connection routes are lacking for new migrants. A l’échelle de l’Atlantique Nord-Est, la Manche se situe à un carrefour biogéographique entre les provinces boréale et lusitanienne. Ainsi, de nombreuses espèces y sont en limite d’aire de distribution. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer les effets du changement climatique récent sur la distribution de la macrofaune benthique subtidale, peu étudiée à ce jour, en se basant sur la comparaison de données collectées à l’échelle de la Manche lors une période froide (i.e. années ...