Measurement, analysis and modeling of physical processes in dry snow

Snow is a porous medium whose microstructure is constantly subjected to morphological transformations. These transformations, which take the name of ``metamorphism", are likely to affect the thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic properties of snow at the macroscopic level. Specifically, the e...

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Main Author: Carmagnola, Carlo Maria
Other Authors: Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Grenoble, Florent Dominé, Samuel Morin
Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
Language:French
Published: HAL CCSD 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/file/38791_CARMAGNOLA_2013_archivage_1_.pdf
id ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:tel-01070005v1
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)
op_collection_id ftccsdartic
language French
topic Snowpack
Metamorphism
Snow microstructure
Specific surface area
Manteau neigeux
Métamorphisme
Microstructure de la neige
Surface spécifique
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
spellingShingle Snowpack
Metamorphism
Snow microstructure
Specific surface area
Manteau neigeux
Métamorphisme
Microstructure de la neige
Surface spécifique
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Carmagnola, Carlo Maria
Measurement, analysis and modeling of physical processes in dry snow
topic_facet Snowpack
Metamorphism
Snow microstructure
Specific surface area
Manteau neigeux
Métamorphisme
Microstructure de la neige
Surface spécifique
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
description Snow is a porous medium whose microstructure is constantly subjected to morphological transformations. These transformations, which take the name of ``metamorphism", are likely to affect the thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic properties of snow at the macroscopic level. Specifically, the exchange of energy and matter within the snowpack and between the snow and the atmosphere above are strongly impacted by the evolution over time of the snow microstructure. Therefore, an adequate representation of metamorphism in snowpack models is crucial. The microstructure of a porous medium can be reasonably described using a reduced number of variables. Indeed, the density, the specific surface area (SSA) and the curvature distribution are able to characterize the microstructure of such a material. However, in the case of snow this approach is still in its infancy and has not yet been systematically applied. Semi-empirical variables, difficult to measure and not directly linked to other relevant physical properties, are still widely used in so-called detailed snowpack models. This work contributes to the attempt to represent the state of the snow using well-defined and easily measurable microstructural variables. Among these variables, we focused particularly on the SSA, which is a key quantity for the study of snow and its temporal evolution. Different evolution laws of SSA were studied, starting from empirical relationships based on experimental data adjustments to physical models that represent the flow of water vapor between snow grains. These laws were initially tested using a simplified snowpack model and then introduced directly into the SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus snowpack model. To this end, the SSA in Crocus was turned into a prognostic variable, replacing other preexisting semi-empirical variables. The different formulations of the temporal evolution of the SSA were compared with field measurements, acquired during two campaigns at Summit (Greenland) and the Col de Porte (France). These measurements were carried out ...
author2 Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)
Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Université de Grenoble
Florent Dominé
Samuel Morin
format Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
author Carmagnola, Carlo Maria
author_facet Carmagnola, Carlo Maria
author_sort Carmagnola, Carlo Maria
title Measurement, analysis and modeling of physical processes in dry snow
title_short Measurement, analysis and modeling of physical processes in dry snow
title_full Measurement, analysis and modeling of physical processes in dry snow
title_fullStr Measurement, analysis and modeling of physical processes in dry snow
title_full_unstemmed Measurement, analysis and modeling of physical processes in dry snow
title_sort measurement, analysis and modeling of physical processes in dry snow
publisher HAL CCSD
publishDate 2014
url https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/file/38791_CARMAGNOLA_2013_archivage_1_.pdf
geographic Greenland
geographic_facet Greenland
genre Greenland
genre_facet Greenland
op_source https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005
Sciences de la Terre. Université de Grenoble, 2014. Français. ⟨NNT : 2014GRENU014⟩
op_relation NNT: 2014GRENU014
tel-01070005
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/file/38791_CARMAGNOLA_2013_archivage_1_.pdf
op_rights info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
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spelling ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:tel-01070005v1 2023-05-15T16:30:31+02:00 Measurement, analysis and modeling of physical processes in dry snow Mesure, analyse et modélisation des processus physiques du manteau neigeux sec Carmagnola, Carlo Maria Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université de Grenoble Florent Dominé Samuel Morin 2014-11-22 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/document https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/file/38791_CARMAGNOLA_2013_archivage_1_.pdf fr fre HAL CCSD NNT: 2014GRENU014 tel-01070005 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/document https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005/file/38791_CARMAGNOLA_2013_archivage_1_.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070005 Sciences de la Terre. Université de Grenoble, 2014. Français. ⟨NNT : 2014GRENU014⟩ Snowpack Metamorphism Snow microstructure Specific surface area Manteau neigeux Métamorphisme Microstructure de la neige Surface spécifique [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2014 ftccsdartic 2021-10-24T12:57:16Z Snow is a porous medium whose microstructure is constantly subjected to morphological transformations. These transformations, which take the name of ``metamorphism", are likely to affect the thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic properties of snow at the macroscopic level. Specifically, the exchange of energy and matter within the snowpack and between the snow and the atmosphere above are strongly impacted by the evolution over time of the snow microstructure. Therefore, an adequate representation of metamorphism in snowpack models is crucial. The microstructure of a porous medium can be reasonably described using a reduced number of variables. Indeed, the density, the specific surface area (SSA) and the curvature distribution are able to characterize the microstructure of such a material. However, in the case of snow this approach is still in its infancy and has not yet been systematically applied. Semi-empirical variables, difficult to measure and not directly linked to other relevant physical properties, are still widely used in so-called detailed snowpack models. This work contributes to the attempt to represent the state of the snow using well-defined and easily measurable microstructural variables. Among these variables, we focused particularly on the SSA, which is a key quantity for the study of snow and its temporal evolution. Different evolution laws of SSA were studied, starting from empirical relationships based on experimental data adjustments to physical models that represent the flow of water vapor between snow grains. These laws were initially tested using a simplified snowpack model and then introduced directly into the SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus snowpack model. To this end, the SSA in Crocus was turned into a prognostic variable, replacing other preexisting semi-empirical variables. The different formulations of the temporal evolution of the SSA were compared with field measurements, acquired during two campaigns at Summit (Greenland) and the Col de Porte (France). These measurements were carried out ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Greenland Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Greenland