Hydrogeochemical modeling of large fluvial basins : impact of climate change
The chemical weathering of continental surfaces represents the one of carbon sinks at the Earth's surface which regulates the climate through feedback mechanism. The weathering intensity is controled by climate but also by lithology, vegetal cover, hydrology and presence of smectites and acids...
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Other Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | French |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2011
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649185 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649185/document https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649185/file/these_finale.pdf |
Summary: | The chemical weathering of continental surfaces represents the one of carbon sinks at the Earth's surface which regulates the climate through feedback mechanism. The weathering intensity is controled by climate but also by lithology, vegetal cover, hydrology and presence of smectites and acids in soils. In this work, a study at global scale on grid cells highlighted that a CO2 concentration increase in the atmosphere would involve a decrease of evaportanspiration due to stomatal progressive closure, and a rise of soil acidity related to enhanced biospheric productivity. These changes would promote the silicates chemical weathering and as a result, would lead to CO2 consumption increase by 3% for 100 ppmv of CO2 concentration rise in the atmosphere. Then, the study on the one of the most important catchments located in arctic environment, the Mackenzie basin (Canada), showed the high sensitivity of chemical weathering to sulfuric acid production. Indeed, the Mackenzie mean CO2 consumption has decreased by 56%, taking account the pyrite presence in the catchment. In addition, the mean CO2 consumption of this basin could rise by 53% between today climate and a climatic scenario predicted for the end of century. L'altération chimique des surfaces continentales constitue un des puits de carbone à la surface de la Terre qui régule le climat grâce à des mécanismes de rétroactions. L'intensité de l'altération est contrôlée par le climat mais aussi par la lithologie, le couvert végétal, l'hydrologie et la présence d'argiles et d'acides dans les sols. Dans ce travail, une étude à l'échelle globale sur des sites a mis en évidence qu'une augmentation de la concentration en CO2 dans l'atmosphère entraînerait une diminution de l'évapotranspiration grâce à une fermeture partielle des stomates, et une augmentation de l'acidité dans les sols liée à l'accroissement de la productivité des végétaux. Ces changements favoriseraient l'altération chimique des silicates et par conséquent, mèneraient à une augmentation de la ... |
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