Test des modèles d'Energie Noire et propriétés physiques des amas de galaxies

• Main Author: Delsart, Pierre
• Other Authors: Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Alain BLANCHARD; Domingos BARBOSA
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2011
• Subjects: astrophysics; cosmology; galaxy clusters; dark energy; cosmic microwave background; Sunyaev-Zel'dovic effect; cosmological parameters; scaling laws; astrophysique; cosmologie; amas de galaxies; énergie noire; fond diffus cosmologique; effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich; paramètres cosmologiques; relations d'échelle; [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]; [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]; Noire; South Pole; South pole
• Online Access: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648140; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648140/document; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648140/file/these_finale.pdf

Galaxy clusters are the most massive objects in the Universe. Their population being directly linked to the growth factor of the matter density fluctuations, the evolution of the abundance is a good test to place constraints on the evolution of the Universe. The discovery of an X-ray radiation inside these objects allowed us to highlight the properties of the intra-cluster gas as well as the different process responsible of the X-ray emission. Thanks to the capacity of spectro-imagery of XMM-Newton or Chandra, the observations allowed us to better understand the clusters evolution and to use their abundance as cosmological test. The statistical study of this population needs a good determination of the clusters' mass. This quantity being not directly measurable, indirect methods had been developed notably using scaling relation allowing to link the clusters' mass to the properties of the intra-cluster gas. However, a bad understanding of the gas physics can lead to systematics that could insert some bias in the determination of the cosmological paramters. This thesis deals with a study of the intra-cluster gas through the scaling relation between the mass and the temperature using the constraints taken from cosmological probes and the temperature distribution of X-ray clusters. With the forthcoming publications of result from Plank, South Pole Telescope or Atacama Cosmology Telescope, a prediction of the clusters population observed by Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect is detailed by taking into account the X-ray intracluter gas properties. Finally, a quantitative study of the power spectrum of the secondary anisotropies of the CMB induced by SZ effect is proposed in order to show the differences observed in the spectrum taking into account the clusters' gas properties. Les amas de galaxies sont les objets les plus massifs de l'Univers. Leur population étant directement liée au taux de croissance des perturbations de matière, l'évolution de leur abondance dans le temps permet de poser des contraintes sur l'évolution ...