Interactions between chemistry and microbial population dynamics in snow: what are the consequences for mercury cycling in the Arctic?
The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the interactions between seasonal snow chemistry and microbial community structure in an arctic snowpack. In order to do so, the biotic and abiotic compartments of the snowpack must be first characterized. From snow and meltwater samples obtained...
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Other Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | French |
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HAL CCSD
2010
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Online Access: | https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/document https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/file/thesis.pdf |
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:tel-00452028v1 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
French |
topic |
mercure bactéries polaires Arctique métagénomique neige chimie [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
spellingShingle |
mercure bactéries polaires Arctique métagénomique neige chimie [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] Larose, Catherine Interactions between chemistry and microbial population dynamics in snow: what are the consequences for mercury cycling in the Arctic? |
topic_facet |
mercure bactéries polaires Arctique métagénomique neige chimie [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
description |
The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the interactions between seasonal snow chemistry and microbial community structure in an arctic snowpack. In order to do so, the biotic and abiotic compartments of the snowpack must be first characterized. From snow and meltwater samples obtained during a two-month field study held in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard, Norway, 78°56'N, 11°52'E) in 2007, we showed that the sequence diversity in arctic snow and meltwater libraries is elevated. We also examined the fate of Hg in an arctic snowpack, from its deposition during atmospheric mercury depletion events up until its transfer during snow melt and reported an increase in methylmercury concentrations in the snowpack during late spring. The results from this campaign highlighted the need to improve our knowledge on mercury speciation and led to the development of a mer-lux biosensor to measure the bioavailable fraction of mercury. We deployed the biosensor during a second two-month field campaign in Ny-Ålesund in spring 2008 and the results obtained led to a novel model for mercury methylation in oxic environments. In parallel, we followed changes in microbial community structure in snow and meltwater samples using a 16S microarray. We modeled the interactions between snow chemistry and community structure and found a significant co-structure. We also explored functional community changes due to mercury contamination of snowpacks. Based on our results, methylmercury affects community structure and function at concentrations much lower than previously reported. Our results provide a basis for further studies on the interaction between chemistry and microbial community structure. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de caractériser les interactions entre la composition chimique et la structure des communautés microbiennes dans un manteau neigeux arctique. Une attention toute particulière est portée au mercure, dont le cycle biogéochimique complexe est encore mal connu. Avant toute chose, les fractions biotiques et ... |
author2 |
Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes Grenoble (LAPM) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I Christophe Ferrari, Dominique Schneider |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Larose, Catherine |
author_facet |
Larose, Catherine |
author_sort |
Larose, Catherine |
title |
Interactions between chemistry and microbial population dynamics in snow: what are the consequences for mercury cycling in the Arctic? |
title_short |
Interactions between chemistry and microbial population dynamics in snow: what are the consequences for mercury cycling in the Arctic? |
title_full |
Interactions between chemistry and microbial population dynamics in snow: what are the consequences for mercury cycling in the Arctic? |
title_fullStr |
Interactions between chemistry and microbial population dynamics in snow: what are the consequences for mercury cycling in the Arctic? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interactions between chemistry and microbial population dynamics in snow: what are the consequences for mercury cycling in the Arctic? |
title_sort |
interactions between chemistry and microbial population dynamics in snow: what are the consequences for mercury cycling in the arctic? |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/document https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/file/thesis.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Norway Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Norway Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctique* Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctique* Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
op_source |
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028 Planète et Univers [physics]. Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, 2010. Français |
op_relation |
tel-00452028 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/document https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/file/thesis.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1766326092884344832 |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:tel-00452028v1 2023-05-15T14:54:23+02:00 Interactions between chemistry and microbial population dynamics in snow: what are the consequences for mercury cycling in the Arctic? INTERACTIONS ENTRE COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE ET POPULATIONS MICROBIENNES DE LA NEIGE: QUELLES SONT LES CONSEQUENCES SUR LE CYCLE DU MERCURE EN ARCTIQUE ? Larose, Catherine Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes Grenoble (LAPM) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I Christophe Ferrari, Dominique Schneider 2010-01-13 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/document https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/file/thesis.pdf fr fre HAL CCSD tel-00452028 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/document https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028/file/thesis.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452028 Planète et Univers [physics]. Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, 2010. Français mercure bactéries polaires Arctique métagénomique neige chimie [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2010 ftccsdartic 2021-12-12T06:05:36Z The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the interactions between seasonal snow chemistry and microbial community structure in an arctic snowpack. In order to do so, the biotic and abiotic compartments of the snowpack must be first characterized. From snow and meltwater samples obtained during a two-month field study held in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard, Norway, 78°56'N, 11°52'E) in 2007, we showed that the sequence diversity in arctic snow and meltwater libraries is elevated. We also examined the fate of Hg in an arctic snowpack, from its deposition during atmospheric mercury depletion events up until its transfer during snow melt and reported an increase in methylmercury concentrations in the snowpack during late spring. The results from this campaign highlighted the need to improve our knowledge on mercury speciation and led to the development of a mer-lux biosensor to measure the bioavailable fraction of mercury. We deployed the biosensor during a second two-month field campaign in Ny-Ålesund in spring 2008 and the results obtained led to a novel model for mercury methylation in oxic environments. In parallel, we followed changes in microbial community structure in snow and meltwater samples using a 16S microarray. We modeled the interactions between snow chemistry and community structure and found a significant co-structure. We also explored functional community changes due to mercury contamination of snowpacks. Based on our results, methylmercury affects community structure and function at concentrations much lower than previously reported. Our results provide a basis for further studies on the interaction between chemistry and microbial community structure. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de caractériser les interactions entre la composition chimique et la structure des communautés microbiennes dans un manteau neigeux arctique. Une attention toute particulière est portée au mercure, dont le cycle biogéochimique complexe est encore mal connu. Avant toute chose, les fractions biotiques et ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Arctique* Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Arctic Norway Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |