The Vertical Structure of Open-Ocean Submesoscale Variability during a Full Seasonal Cycle

• Published in: Journal of Physical Oceanography
• Main Authors: Thompson, Andrew F., Callies, Jörn, Yu, Xiaolong, Garabato, Alberto Naveira, Klein, Patrice
• Other Authors: Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2020
• Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]; Northeast Atlantic
• Online Access: https://insu.hal.science/insu-03683241; https://insu.hal.science/insu-03683241/document; https://insu.hal.science/insu-03683241/file/%5B15200485%20-%20Journal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%5D%20The%20Vertical%20Structure%20of%20Open-Ocean%20Submesoscale%20Variability%20during%20a%20Full%20Seasonal%20Cycle.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-19-0030.1

International audience Submesoscale dynamics are typically intensified at boundaries and assumed to weaken below the mixed layer in the open ocean. Here, we assess both the seasonality and the vertical distribution of submesoscale motions in an open-ocean region of the northeast Atlantic. Second-order structure functions, or variance in properties separated by distance, are calculated from submesoscale-resolving ocean glider and mooring observations, as well as a 1/48° numerical ocean model. This dataset combines a temporal coverage that extends through a full seasonal cycle, a horizontal resolution that captures spatial scales as small as 1 km, and vertical sampling that provides near-continuous coverage over the upper 1000 m. While kinetic and potential energies undergo a seasonal cycle, being largest during the winter, structure function slopes, influenced by dynamical characteristics, do not exhibit a strong seasonality. Furthermore, structure function slopes show weak vertical variations; there is not a strong change in properties across the base of the mixed layer. Additionally, we compare the observations to output from a high-resolution numerical model. The model does not represent variability associated with superinertial motions and does not capture an observed reduction in submesoscale kinetic energy that occurs throughout the water column in spring. Overall, these results suggest that the transfer of mixed layer submesoscale variability down to depths below the traditionally defined mixed layer is important throughout the weakly stratified subpolar mode waters.