Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum
International audience Southern hemispheric sea-ice impacts ocean circulation and the carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. Sea-ice is therefore one of the key processes in past and future climate change and variability. As climate models are the only tool available to project future...
Published in: | Climate of the Past |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2022
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/file/cp-18-845-2022.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 |
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English |
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences |
spellingShingle |
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences Green, Ryan A. Menviel, Laurie Meissner, Katrin J. Crosta, Xavier Chandan, Deepak Lohmann, Gerrit Peltier, W. Richard Shi, Xiaoxu Zhu, Jiang Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
topic_facet |
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences |
description |
International audience Southern hemispheric sea-ice impacts ocean circulation and the carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. Sea-ice is therefore one of the key processes in past and future climate change and variability. As climate models are the only tool available to project future climate change, it is important to assess their performance against observations for a range of different climate states. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21 000 years ago) represents an interesting target as it is a relatively well-documented period with climatic conditions very different from preindustrial conditions. Here, we analyze the LGM seasonal Southern Ocean sea-ice cover as simulated in numerical simulations as part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phases 3 and 4. We compare the model outputs to a recently updated compilation of LGM seasonal Southern Ocean sea-ice cover and summer sea surface temperature (SST) to assess the most likely LGM Southern Ocean state. Simulations and paleo-proxy records suggest a fairly well-constrained glacial winter sea-ice edge between 50.5 and 51° S. However, the spread in simulated glacial summer sea-ice is wide, ranging from almost ice-free conditions to a sea-ice edge reaching 53° S. Combining model outputs and proxy data, we estimate a likely LGM summer sea-ice edge between 61 and 62° S and a mean summer sea-ice extent of 14-15×10 6 km 2 , which is ∼20 %-30 % larger than previous estimates. These estimates point to a higher seasonality of southern hemispheric sea-ice during the LGM than today. We also analyze the main processes defining the summer sea-ice edge within each of the models. We find that summer sea-ice cover is mainly defined by thermodynamic effects in some models, while the sea-ice edge is defined by the position of Southern Ocean upwelling in others. For models included in both PMIP3 and PMIP4, this thermodynamic or dynamic control on sea-ice is consistent across both experiments. Finally, we find that the impact of changes in ... |
author2 |
Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Green, Ryan A. Menviel, Laurie Meissner, Katrin J. Crosta, Xavier Chandan, Deepak Lohmann, Gerrit Peltier, W. Richard Shi, Xiaoxu Zhu, Jiang |
author_facet |
Green, Ryan A. Menviel, Laurie Meissner, Katrin J. Crosta, Xavier Chandan, Deepak Lohmann, Gerrit Peltier, W. Richard Shi, Xiaoxu Zhu, Jiang |
author_sort |
Green, Ryan A. |
title |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_short |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_full |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_fullStr |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_sort |
evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the southern ocean at the last glacial maximum |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/file/cp-18-845-2022.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Climate of the Past https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656 Climate of the Past, 2022, 18, pp.845-862. ⟨10.5194/cp-18-845-2022⟩ |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 insu-03678656 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/file/cp-18-845-2022.pdf BIBCODE: 2022CliPa.18.845G doi:10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
845 |
op_container_end_page |
862 |
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1772187657589227520 |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:insu-03678656v1 2023-07-23T04:21:40+02:00 Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum Green, Ryan A. Menviel, Laurie Meissner, Katrin J. Crosta, Xavier Chandan, Deepak Lohmann, Gerrit Peltier, W. Richard Shi, Xiaoxu Zhu, Jiang Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2022 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/file/cp-18-845-2022.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 en eng HAL CCSD info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 insu-03678656 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656/file/cp-18-845-2022.pdf BIBCODE: 2022CliPa.18.845G doi:10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess Climate of the Past https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03678656 Climate of the Past, 2022, 18, pp.845-862. ⟨10.5194/cp-18-845-2022⟩ [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2022 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 2023-07-02T00:08:35Z International audience Southern hemispheric sea-ice impacts ocean circulation and the carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. Sea-ice is therefore one of the key processes in past and future climate change and variability. As climate models are the only tool available to project future climate change, it is important to assess their performance against observations for a range of different climate states. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21 000 years ago) represents an interesting target as it is a relatively well-documented period with climatic conditions very different from preindustrial conditions. Here, we analyze the LGM seasonal Southern Ocean sea-ice cover as simulated in numerical simulations as part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phases 3 and 4. We compare the model outputs to a recently updated compilation of LGM seasonal Southern Ocean sea-ice cover and summer sea surface temperature (SST) to assess the most likely LGM Southern Ocean state. Simulations and paleo-proxy records suggest a fairly well-constrained glacial winter sea-ice edge between 50.5 and 51° S. However, the spread in simulated glacial summer sea-ice is wide, ranging from almost ice-free conditions to a sea-ice edge reaching 53° S. Combining model outputs and proxy data, we estimate a likely LGM summer sea-ice edge between 61 and 62° S and a mean summer sea-ice extent of 14-15×10 6 km 2 , which is ∼20 %-30 % larger than previous estimates. These estimates point to a higher seasonality of southern hemispheric sea-ice during the LGM than today. We also analyze the main processes defining the summer sea-ice edge within each of the models. We find that summer sea-ice cover is mainly defined by thermodynamic effects in some models, while the sea-ice edge is defined by the position of Southern Ocean upwelling in others. For models included in both PMIP3 and PMIP4, this thermodynamic or dynamic control on sea-ice is consistent across both experiments. Finally, we find that the impact of changes in ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Southern Ocean Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Southern Ocean Climate of the Past 18 4 845 862 |