The link between volcanism and deglaciation in Iceland
International audience Temporal variation in the eruption rate and lava composition in the rift zones of Iceland is associated with deglaciation. Average eruption rates after the end of the last glacial period, ∼12 kyr BP, were up to 100 times higher than those from both the glacial period and recen...
Published in: | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2002
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Online Access: | https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/file/Geochem%20Geophys%20Geosyst%20-%202002%20-%20Maclennan%20-%20The%20link%20between%20volcanism%20and%20deglaciation%20in%20Iceland.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000282 |
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Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
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English |
topic |
Marine Geology and Geophysics: Midocean ridge processes Mineralogy Petrology and Mineral Physics: Igneous petrology Volcanology: Magma migration Geodesy and Gravity: Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interactions (3339) Iceland glaciation mantle melting magma migration magma chambers igneous rocks [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
spellingShingle |
Marine Geology and Geophysics: Midocean ridge processes Mineralogy Petrology and Mineral Physics: Igneous petrology Volcanology: Magma migration Geodesy and Gravity: Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interactions (3339) Iceland glaciation mantle melting magma migration magma chambers igneous rocks [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] Maclennan, J. Jull, M. Mckenzie, D. Slater, L. Grönvold, K. The link between volcanism and deglaciation in Iceland |
topic_facet |
Marine Geology and Geophysics: Midocean ridge processes Mineralogy Petrology and Mineral Physics: Igneous petrology Volcanology: Magma migration Geodesy and Gravity: Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interactions (3339) Iceland glaciation mantle melting magma migration magma chambers igneous rocks [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
description |
International audience Temporal variation in the eruption rate and lava composition in the rift zones of Iceland is associated with deglaciation. Average eruption rates after the end of the last glacial period, ∼12 kyr BP, were up to 100 times higher than those from both the glacial period and recent times (<5 kyr BP). This peak in volcanic activity finished less than 2 kyr after the end of deglaciation. New geochemical data from ∼80 basalt and picrite samples from the Theistareykir and Krafla volcanic systems show that there is a temporal variation in both the major and trace element composition of the eruptions. Early postglacial eruptions show a greater range in MgO contents than eruptions from other times, and at a fixed MgO content, the concentration of incompatible elements in subglacial eruptions is higher than that in early postglacial eruptions. Recent eruptions from the Krafla system have similar compositions to subglacial eruptions. The high eruption rates and low rare earth element (REE) concentrations in the lava from early postglacial times can be accounted for by increased melt generation rates in the shallow mantle caused by unloading of an ice sheet. Magma chamber processes such as crystallization and assimilation can produce the temporal variation in REE contents if garnet is present. However, garnet is not observed as a phenocryst or xenocryst phase and is not required to match the variation in major element contents observed at Krafla and Theistareykir. If the increase in eruption rates reflects increased melt production rates in the mantle, then the relative timing of deglaciation and the burst in eruption rates can be used to estimate the rate of melt transport in the mantle. The observed duration of enhanced eruption rates after deglaciation can be reproduced if the vertical melt extraction velocity is >50 m yr -1 . |
author2 |
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Maclennan, J. Jull, M. Mckenzie, D. Slater, L. Grönvold, K. |
author_facet |
Maclennan, J. Jull, M. Mckenzie, D. Slater, L. Grönvold, K. |
author_sort |
Maclennan, J. |
title |
The link between volcanism and deglaciation in Iceland |
title_short |
The link between volcanism and deglaciation in Iceland |
title_full |
The link between volcanism and deglaciation in Iceland |
title_fullStr |
The link between volcanism and deglaciation in Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
The link between volcanism and deglaciation in Iceland |
title_sort |
link between volcanism and deglaciation in iceland |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/file/Geochem%20Geophys%20Geosyst%20-%202002%20-%20Maclennan%20-%20The%20link%20between%20volcanism%20and%20deglaciation%20in%20Iceland.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000282 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) |
geographic |
Krafla |
geographic_facet |
Krafla |
genre |
Ice Sheet Iceland |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet Iceland |
op_source |
ISSN: 1525-2027 EISSN: 1525-2027 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2002, 3, pp. 583-596. ⟨10.1029/2001GC000282⟩ |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2001GC000282 insu-03597790 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/file/Geochem%20Geophys%20Geosyst%20-%202002%20-%20Maclennan%20-%20The%20link%20between%20volcanism%20and%20deglaciation%20in%20Iceland.pdf BIBCODE: 2002GGG.3.1062M doi:10.1029/2001GC000282 |
op_rights |
http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/licences/copyright/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000282 |
container_title |
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
25 |
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1768389028828151808 |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:insu-03597790v1 2023-06-11T04:12:53+02:00 The link between volcanism and deglaciation in Iceland Maclennan, J. Jull, M. Mckenzie, D. Slater, L. Grönvold, K. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2002 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/file/Geochem%20Geophys%20Geosyst%20-%202002%20-%20Maclennan%20-%20The%20link%20between%20volcanism%20and%20deglaciation%20in%20Iceland.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000282 en eng HAL CCSD AGU and the Geochemical Society info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2001GC000282 insu-03597790 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790/file/Geochem%20Geophys%20Geosyst%20-%202002%20-%20Maclennan%20-%20The%20link%20between%20volcanism%20and%20deglaciation%20in%20Iceland.pdf BIBCODE: 2002GGG.3.1062M doi:10.1029/2001GC000282 http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/licences/copyright/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1525-2027 EISSN: 1525-2027 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03597790 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2002, 3, pp. 583-596. ⟨10.1029/2001GC000282⟩ Marine Geology and Geophysics: Midocean ridge processes Mineralogy Petrology and Mineral Physics: Igneous petrology Volcanology: Magma migration Geodesy and Gravity: Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interactions (3339) Iceland glaciation mantle melting magma migration magma chambers igneous rocks [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2002 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000282 2023-05-06T23:52:42Z International audience Temporal variation in the eruption rate and lava composition in the rift zones of Iceland is associated with deglaciation. Average eruption rates after the end of the last glacial period, ∼12 kyr BP, were up to 100 times higher than those from both the glacial period and recent times (<5 kyr BP). This peak in volcanic activity finished less than 2 kyr after the end of deglaciation. New geochemical data from ∼80 basalt and picrite samples from the Theistareykir and Krafla volcanic systems show that there is a temporal variation in both the major and trace element composition of the eruptions. Early postglacial eruptions show a greater range in MgO contents than eruptions from other times, and at a fixed MgO content, the concentration of incompatible elements in subglacial eruptions is higher than that in early postglacial eruptions. Recent eruptions from the Krafla system have similar compositions to subglacial eruptions. The high eruption rates and low rare earth element (REE) concentrations in the lava from early postglacial times can be accounted for by increased melt generation rates in the shallow mantle caused by unloading of an ice sheet. Magma chamber processes such as crystallization and assimilation can produce the temporal variation in REE contents if garnet is present. However, garnet is not observed as a phenocryst or xenocryst phase and is not required to match the variation in major element contents observed at Krafla and Theistareykir. If the increase in eruption rates reflects increased melt production rates in the mantle, then the relative timing of deglaciation and the burst in eruption rates can be used to estimate the rate of melt transport in the mantle. The observed duration of enhanced eruption rates after deglaciation can be reproduced if the vertical melt extraction velocity is >50 m yr -1 . Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet Iceland Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Krafla ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 3 11 1 25 |