Measurement of sound speed vs. depth in South Pole ice for neutrino astronomy
We have measured the speed of both pressure waves and shear waves as a function of depth between 80 and 500 m depth in South Pole ice with better than 1% precision. The measurements were made using the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS), an array of transmitters and sensors deployed in the ice a...
Published in: | Astroparticle Physics |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Online Access: | http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00706878 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012 |
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:in2p3-00706878v1 2023-05-15T18:21:52+02:00 Measurement of sound speed vs. depth in South Pole ice for neutrino astronomy Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Ackermann, Markus Adams, J. Aguilar, J. A. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, Mark D. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. Bazo Alba, J. L. Beattie, K. Beatty, J. J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. K. Becker, K.-H. Benabderrahmane, M. L. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Z. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Bolmont, J. Böser, S. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Breder, D. Castermans, T. Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Cowen, D. F. D'Agostino, M. V. Danninger, M. Day, C. T. De Clercq, C. Demirörs, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. De Vries-Uiterweerd, G. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK) Max-Planck-Gesellschaft AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)) Observatoire de Paris Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3) 2010-06 http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00706878 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012 en eng HAL CCSD Elsevier info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012 in2p3-00706878 http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00706878 BIBCODE: 2010APh.33.277A doi:10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012 ISSN: 0927-6505 Astroparticle Physics http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00706878 Astroparticle Physics, Elsevier, 2010, 33, pp.277-286. ⟨10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012⟩ [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2010 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012 2021-11-21T04:06:57Z We have measured the speed of both pressure waves and shear waves as a function of depth between 80 and 500 m depth in South Pole ice with better than 1% precision. The measurements were made using the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS), an array of transmitters and sensors deployed in the ice at the South Pole in order to measure the acoustic properties relevant to acoustic detection of astrophysical neutrinos. The transmitters and sensors use piezoceramics operating at ˜5-25 kHz. Between 200 m and 500 m depth, the measured profile is consistent with zero variation of the sound speed with depth, resulting in zero refraction, for both pressure and shear waves. We also performed a complementary study featuring an explosive signal propagating vertically from 50 to 2250 m depth, from which we determined a value for the pressure wave speed consistent with that determined for shallower depths, higher frequencies, and horizontal propagation with the SPATS sensors. The sound speed profile presented here can be used to achieve good acoustic source position and emission time reconstruction in general, and neutrino direction and energy reconstruction in particular. The reconstructed quantities could also help separate neutrino signals from background. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) South Pole Astroparticle Physics 33 5-6 277 286 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Ackermann, Markus Adams, J. Aguilar, J. A. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, Mark D. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. Bazo Alba, J. L. Beattie, K. Beatty, J. J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. K. Becker, K.-H. Benabderrahmane, M. L. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Z. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Bolmont, J. Böser, S. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Breder, D. Castermans, T. Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Cowen, D. F. D'Agostino, M. V. Danninger, M. Day, C. T. De Clercq, C. Demirörs, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. De Vries-Uiterweerd, G. Measurement of sound speed vs. depth in South Pole ice for neutrino astronomy |
topic_facet |
[SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] |
description |
We have measured the speed of both pressure waves and shear waves as a function of depth between 80 and 500 m depth in South Pole ice with better than 1% precision. The measurements were made using the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS), an array of transmitters and sensors deployed in the ice at the South Pole in order to measure the acoustic properties relevant to acoustic detection of astrophysical neutrinos. The transmitters and sensors use piezoceramics operating at ˜5-25 kHz. Between 200 m and 500 m depth, the measured profile is consistent with zero variation of the sound speed with depth, resulting in zero refraction, for both pressure and shear waves. We also performed a complementary study featuring an explosive signal propagating vertically from 50 to 2250 m depth, from which we determined a value for the pressure wave speed consistent with that determined for shallower depths, higher frequencies, and horizontal propagation with the SPATS sensors. The sound speed profile presented here can be used to achieve good acoustic source position and emission time reconstruction in general, and neutrino direction and energy reconstruction in particular. The reconstructed quantities could also help separate neutrino signals from background. |
author2 |
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK) Max-Planck-Gesellschaft AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)) Observatoire de Paris Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Ackermann, Markus Adams, J. Aguilar, J. A. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, Mark D. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. Bazo Alba, J. L. Beattie, K. Beatty, J. J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. K. Becker, K.-H. Benabderrahmane, M. L. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Z. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Bolmont, J. Böser, S. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Breder, D. Castermans, T. Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Cowen, D. F. D'Agostino, M. V. Danninger, M. Day, C. T. De Clercq, C. Demirörs, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. De Vries-Uiterweerd, G. |
author_facet |
Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Ackermann, Markus Adams, J. Aguilar, J. A. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, Mark D. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. Bazo Alba, J. L. Beattie, K. Beatty, J. J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. K. Becker, K.-H. Benabderrahmane, M. L. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Z. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Bolmont, J. Böser, S. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Breder, D. Castermans, T. Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Cowen, D. F. D'Agostino, M. V. Danninger, M. Day, C. T. De Clercq, C. Demirörs, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. De Vries-Uiterweerd, G. |
author_sort |
Abbasi, R. |
title |
Measurement of sound speed vs. depth in South Pole ice for neutrino astronomy |
title_short |
Measurement of sound speed vs. depth in South Pole ice for neutrino astronomy |
title_full |
Measurement of sound speed vs. depth in South Pole ice for neutrino astronomy |
title_fullStr |
Measurement of sound speed vs. depth in South Pole ice for neutrino astronomy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Measurement of sound speed vs. depth in South Pole ice for neutrino astronomy |
title_sort |
measurement of sound speed vs. depth in south pole ice for neutrino astronomy |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00706878 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012 |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_source |
ISSN: 0927-6505 Astroparticle Physics http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00706878 Astroparticle Physics, Elsevier, 2010, 33, pp.277-286. ⟨10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012 in2p3-00706878 http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00706878 BIBCODE: 2010APh.33.277A doi:10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASTROPARTPHYS.2010.01.012 |
container_title |
Astroparticle Physics |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
5-6 |
container_start_page |
277 |
op_container_end_page |
286 |
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1766201201665245184 |