Snow Microorganisms Colonise Arctic Soils Following Snow Melt

• Published in: Microbial Ecology
• Main Authors: Malard, Lucie, A, Bergk-Pinto, Benoit, Layton, Rose, Vogel, Timothy, M, Larose, Catherine, Pearce, David, A
• Other Authors: University of Northumbria at Newcastle United Kingdom, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Ampère, Département Bioingénierie (BioIng), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano Bruxelles, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2023
• Subjects: Microbial colonisation Airborne dispersal Coalescence Snow Soils Arctic ecosystems Bacterial diversity; Microbial colonisation; Airborne dispersal; Coalescence; Snow; Soils; Arctic ecosystems; Bacterial diversity; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; Arctic
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-04291429; https://hal.science/hal-04291429/document; https://hal.science/hal-04291429/file/s00248-023-02204-y.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-023-02204-y

Arctic soils are constantly subjected to microbial invasion from either airborne, marine, or animal sources, which may impact local microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. However, in winter, Arctic soils are isolated from outside sources other than snow, which is the sole source of microorganisms. Successful colonisation of soil by snow microorganisms depends on the ability to survive and compete of both, the invading and resident community. Using shallow shotgun metagenome sequencing and amplicon sequencing, this study monitored snow and soil microbial communities throughout snow melt to investigate the colonisation process of Arctic soils. Microbial colonisation likely occurred as all the characteristics of successful colonisation were observed. The colonising microorganisms originating from the snow were already adapted to the local environmental conditions and were subsequently subjected to many similar conditions in the Arctic soil. Furthermore, competition-related genes (e.g. motility and virulence) increased in snow samples as the snow melted. Overall, one hundred potentially successful colonisers were identified in the soil and, thus, demonstrated the deposition and growth of snow microorganisms in soils during melt.