Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps
Abstract. The Arctic is projected to warm by 2 to 5 °C by the end of the century. Warming causes melting of glaciers, shrinking of the areas covered by sea ice, and increased terrestrial runoff from snowfields and permafrost thawing. Warming, decreasing coastal underwater irradiance, and lower salin...
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2023
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-04236891v1 2023-12-03T10:16:47+01:00 Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps Lebrun, Anaïs Miller, Cale Andrew Meynadier, Marc Comeau, Steeve Urrutti, Pierre Alliouane, Samir Schlegel, Robert Gattuso, Jean-Pierre Gazeau, Frédéric Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV) Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University Utrecht Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche sur mer (LBDV) Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV) 2023-10-11 https://hal.science/hal-04236891 https://hal.science/hal-04236891/document https://hal.science/hal-04236891/file/egusphere-2023-1875.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1875 en eng HAL CCSD info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1875 hal-04236891 https://hal.science/hal-04236891 https://hal.science/hal-04236891/document https://hal.science/hal-04236891/file/egusphere-2023-1875.pdf doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-1875 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://hal.science/hal-04236891 2023 [SDE]Environmental Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint Preprints, Working Papers, . 2023 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1875 2023-11-04T23:32:24Z Abstract. The Arctic is projected to warm by 2 to 5 °C by the end of the century. Warming causes melting of glaciers, shrinking of the areas covered by sea ice, and increased terrestrial runoff from snowfields and permafrost thawing. Warming, decreasing coastal underwater irradiance, and lower salinity are potentially threatening polar marine organisms, including kelps, that are key species of hard-bottom shallow communities. The present study investigates the physiological responses of four kelp species (Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima, and Hedophyllum nigripes) to warming, low irradiance, and low salinity through a perturbation experiment conducted in ex situ mesocosms. Kelps were exposed during six weeks to four experimental treatments: an unmanipulated control, a warming condition mimicking future coastlines unimpacted by glacier melting under the CO2 emission scenario SSP5-8.5, and two multifactorial conditions combining warming, low salinity, and low irradiance reproducing the future coastal Arctic exposed to terrestrial runoff following two CO2 emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). The physiological effects on A. esculenta, L. digitata and S. latissima were investigated and gene expression patterns of S. latissima and H. nigripes were analyzed. Specimens of A. esculenta increased their chlorophyll a content when exposed to low irradiance conditions, suggesting that they may be resilient to an increase in glacier and river runoff and become more dominant at greater depths. S. latissima showed a lower carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio at higher nitrate concentrations, suggesting coastal erosion and permafrost thawing could benefit the organism in the future Arctic. In contrast, L. digitata showed no responses to the conditions tested on any of the investigated physiological parameters. The gene expressions of H. nigripes and S. latissima underscores their ability and underline temperature as a key influencing factor. Based on these results, it is expected that kelp communities ... Report Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Arctic |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDE]Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
[SDE]Environmental Sciences Lebrun, Anaïs Miller, Cale Andrew Meynadier, Marc Comeau, Steeve Urrutti, Pierre Alliouane, Samir Schlegel, Robert Gattuso, Jean-Pierre Gazeau, Frédéric Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps |
topic_facet |
[SDE]Environmental Sciences |
description |
Abstract. The Arctic is projected to warm by 2 to 5 °C by the end of the century. Warming causes melting of glaciers, shrinking of the areas covered by sea ice, and increased terrestrial runoff from snowfields and permafrost thawing. Warming, decreasing coastal underwater irradiance, and lower salinity are potentially threatening polar marine organisms, including kelps, that are key species of hard-bottom shallow communities. The present study investigates the physiological responses of four kelp species (Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima, and Hedophyllum nigripes) to warming, low irradiance, and low salinity through a perturbation experiment conducted in ex situ mesocosms. Kelps were exposed during six weeks to four experimental treatments: an unmanipulated control, a warming condition mimicking future coastlines unimpacted by glacier melting under the CO2 emission scenario SSP5-8.5, and two multifactorial conditions combining warming, low salinity, and low irradiance reproducing the future coastal Arctic exposed to terrestrial runoff following two CO2 emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). The physiological effects on A. esculenta, L. digitata and S. latissima were investigated and gene expression patterns of S. latissima and H. nigripes were analyzed. Specimens of A. esculenta increased their chlorophyll a content when exposed to low irradiance conditions, suggesting that they may be resilient to an increase in glacier and river runoff and become more dominant at greater depths. S. latissima showed a lower carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio at higher nitrate concentrations, suggesting coastal erosion and permafrost thawing could benefit the organism in the future Arctic. In contrast, L. digitata showed no responses to the conditions tested on any of the investigated physiological parameters. The gene expressions of H. nigripes and S. latissima underscores their ability and underline temperature as a key influencing factor. Based on these results, it is expected that kelp communities ... |
author2 |
Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV) Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University Utrecht Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche sur mer (LBDV) Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV) |
format |
Report |
author |
Lebrun, Anaïs Miller, Cale Andrew Meynadier, Marc Comeau, Steeve Urrutti, Pierre Alliouane, Samir Schlegel, Robert Gattuso, Jean-Pierre Gazeau, Frédéric |
author_facet |
Lebrun, Anaïs Miller, Cale Andrew Meynadier, Marc Comeau, Steeve Urrutti, Pierre Alliouane, Samir Schlegel, Robert Gattuso, Jean-Pierre Gazeau, Frédéric |
author_sort |
Lebrun, Anaïs |
title |
Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps |
title_short |
Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps |
title_full |
Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps |
title_fullStr |
Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps |
title_sort |
multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on arctic kelps |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-04236891 https://hal.science/hal-04236891/document https://hal.science/hal-04236891/file/egusphere-2023-1875.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1875 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice |
op_source |
https://hal.science/hal-04236891 2023 |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1875 hal-04236891 https://hal.science/hal-04236891 https://hal.science/hal-04236891/document https://hal.science/hal-04236891/file/egusphere-2023-1875.pdf doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-1875 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1875 |
_version_ |
1784263732307689472 |