Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans
The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and processes: 1) the delivery of fresh and low salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation d...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2016
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-04200780 https://hal.science/hal-04200780/document https://hal.science/hal-04200780/file/JGR%20Biogeosciences%20-%202015%20-%20Carmack%20-%20Freshwater%20and%20its%20role%20in%20the%20Arctic%20Marine%20System%20Sources%20disposition%20storage%20.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140 |
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Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
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English |
topic |
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
spellingShingle |
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] Carmack, E. C. Yamamoto-Kawai, M. Haine, T. W. N. Bacon, S. Bluhm, B. A. Lique, Camille Melling, H. Polyakov, I. V. Straneo, F. Timmermans, M. -L. Williams, W. J. Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
topic_facet |
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
description |
The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and processes: 1) the delivery of fresh and low salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle and Pacific Ocean inflows; 2) the disposition (e.g. sources, pathways and storage) of freshwater components within the Arctic Ocean; and 3) the release and export of freshwater components into the bordering convective domains of the North Atlantic. We then examine physical, chemical or biological processes which are influenced or constrained by the local quantities and geochemical qualities of fresh water; these include: stratification and vertical mixing, ocean heat flux, nutrient supply, primary production, ocean acidification and biogeochemical cycling. Internal to the Arctic the joint effects of sea ice decline and hydrological cycle intensification have strengthened coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere (e.g. wind and ice-drift stresses, solar radiation, heat and moisture exchange), the bordering drainage basins (e.g. river discharge, sediment transport, erosion) and terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. Arctic greening, dissolved and particulate carbon loading, altered phenology of biotic components). External to the Arctic freshwater export acts as both a constraint to and a necessary ingredient for deep convection in the bordering subarctic gyres and thus affects the global thermohaline circulation. Geochemical fingerprints attained within the Arctic Ocean are likewise exported into the neighboring subarctic systems and beyond. Finally, we discuss observed and modelled functions and changes in this system on seasonal, annual and decadal time scales, and discuss mechanisms that link the marine system to atmospheric, terrestrial and cryospheric systems. |
author2 |
Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Carmack, E. C. Yamamoto-Kawai, M. Haine, T. W. N. Bacon, S. Bluhm, B. A. Lique, Camille Melling, H. Polyakov, I. V. Straneo, F. Timmermans, M. -L. Williams, W. J. |
author_facet |
Carmack, E. C. Yamamoto-Kawai, M. Haine, T. W. N. Bacon, S. Bluhm, B. A. Lique, Camille Melling, H. Polyakov, I. V. Straneo, F. Timmermans, M. -L. Williams, W. J. |
author_sort |
Carmack, E. C. |
title |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_short |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_full |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_fullStr |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_sort |
freshwater and its role in the arctic marine system: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the arctic and global oceans |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-04200780 https://hal.science/hal-04200780/document https://hal.science/hal-04200780/file/JGR%20Biogeosciences%20-%202015%20-%20Carmack%20-%20Freshwater%20and%20its%20role%20in%20the%20Arctic%20Marine%20System%20Sources%20disposition%20storage%20.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Greening Arctic Arctic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean acidification Sea ice Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greening Arctic Arctic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean acidification Sea ice Subarctic |
op_source |
ISSN: 2169-8953 Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences https://hal.science/hal-04200780 Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2016, 121 (3), pp.675-717. ⟨10.1002/2015JG003140⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/2015JG003140 hal-04200780 https://hal.science/hal-04200780 https://hal.science/hal-04200780/document https://hal.science/hal-04200780/file/JGR%20Biogeosciences%20-%202015%20-%20Carmack%20-%20Freshwater%20and%20its%20role%20in%20the%20Arctic%20Marine%20System%20Sources%20disposition%20storage%20.pdf doi:10.1002/2015JG003140 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
121 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
675 |
op_container_end_page |
717 |
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1785560919831478272 |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-04200780v1 2023-12-17T10:23:52+01:00 Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans Carmack, E. C. Yamamoto-Kawai, M. Haine, T. W. N. Bacon, S. Bluhm, B. A. Lique, Camille Melling, H. Polyakov, I. V. Straneo, F. Timmermans, M. -L. Williams, W. J. Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2016-03 https://hal.science/hal-04200780 https://hal.science/hal-04200780/document https://hal.science/hal-04200780/file/JGR%20Biogeosciences%20-%202015%20-%20Carmack%20-%20Freshwater%20and%20its%20role%20in%20the%20Arctic%20Marine%20System%20Sources%20disposition%20storage%20.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140 en eng HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/2015JG003140 hal-04200780 https://hal.science/hal-04200780 https://hal.science/hal-04200780/document https://hal.science/hal-04200780/file/JGR%20Biogeosciences%20-%202015%20-%20Carmack%20-%20Freshwater%20and%20its%20role%20in%20the%20Arctic%20Marine%20System%20Sources%20disposition%20storage%20.pdf doi:10.1002/2015JG003140 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 2169-8953 Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences https://hal.science/hal-04200780 Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2016, 121 (3), pp.675-717. ⟨10.1002/2015JG003140⟩ [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2016 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140 2023-11-18T23:42:50Z The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and processes: 1) the delivery of fresh and low salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle and Pacific Ocean inflows; 2) the disposition (e.g. sources, pathways and storage) of freshwater components within the Arctic Ocean; and 3) the release and export of freshwater components into the bordering convective domains of the North Atlantic. We then examine physical, chemical or biological processes which are influenced or constrained by the local quantities and geochemical qualities of fresh water; these include: stratification and vertical mixing, ocean heat flux, nutrient supply, primary production, ocean acidification and biogeochemical cycling. Internal to the Arctic the joint effects of sea ice decline and hydrological cycle intensification have strengthened coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere (e.g. wind and ice-drift stresses, solar radiation, heat and moisture exchange), the bordering drainage basins (e.g. river discharge, sediment transport, erosion) and terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. Arctic greening, dissolved and particulate carbon loading, altered phenology of biotic components). External to the Arctic freshwater export acts as both a constraint to and a necessary ingredient for deep convection in the bordering subarctic gyres and thus affects the global thermohaline circulation. Geochemical fingerprints attained within the Arctic Ocean are likewise exported into the neighboring subarctic systems and beyond. Finally, we discuss observed and modelled functions and changes in this system on seasonal, annual and decadal time scales, and discuss mechanisms that link the marine system to atmospheric, terrestrial and cryospheric systems. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Greening Arctic Arctic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean acidification Sea ice Subarctic Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121 3 675 717 |