Sub-seasonal forcing drives year-to-year variations of Southern Ocean primary productivity

• Published in: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
• Main Authors: Prend, Channing J., Keerthi, Madhavan Girijakumari, Lévy, Marina, Aumont, Olivier, Gille, Sarah T., Talley, Lynne D.
• Other Authors: The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, San Diego, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-16-CE01-0014,SOBUMS,Comprendre la réponse du cycle du carbone dans l'océan austral au stress climatique(2016)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2022
• Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences; Antarctic; Southern Ocean; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-03705774; https://hal.science/hal-03705774/document; https://hal.science/hal-03705774/file/Prend_etal-submitted3.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007329

International audience Primary productivity in the Southern Ocean plays a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. While much focus has been placed on phytoplankton production seasonality, non-seasonal fluctuations exceed the amplitude of the seasonal cycle across large swaths of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. This non-seasonal variability comprises a broad range of timescales from sub-seasonal (<3 months) to multi-annual (>1 year), all of which can project onto the annual mean value. However, year-to-year variations of surface chlorophyll (SChl), a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, are typically attributed to ocean circulation changes associated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), which implicitly assumes that sub-seasonal variability averages to near-zero over long timescales. Here, we test this assumption by applying a timeseries decomposition method to satellite-derived SChl in order to separate the low-frequency and high-frequency contributions to the non-seasonal variability. We find that throughout most of the Southern Ocean, year-to-year SChl variations are dominated by the sub-seasonal component, which is not strongly correlated with the SAM. The multi-annual component, while correlated with the SAM, only accounts for about 10% of the total SChl variance. This suggests that changes in annual mean SChl are related to intermittent forcing at small scales, rather than low-frequency climate variability, and thus do not remain correlated over large regions.