Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition
Abstract. The role and climatic impact of the opening of the Drake Passage and how it affected both marine and terrestrial environments across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT ~ 34 Ma) period remains poorly understood. Here we present new terrestrial palynomorph data compared with recently compi...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Report |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2021
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03503437 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-84 |
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-03503437v1 |
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openpolar |
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Open Polar |
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Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes Thompson, Nick Salzmann, Ulrich López-Quirós, Adrián Bijl, Peter Hoem, Frida Etourneau, Johan Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine Roignant, Sabine Hocking, Emma Amoo, Michael Escutia, Carlota Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition |
topic_facet |
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes |
description |
Abstract. The role and climatic impact of the opening of the Drake Passage and how it affected both marine and terrestrial environments across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT ~ 34 Ma) period remains poorly understood. Here we present new terrestrial palynomorph data compared with recently compiled lipid biomarker (n-alkane) data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 113 Site 696 drilled on the margin of the South Orkney Microcontinent in the Weddell Sea, to investigate changes in terrestrial environments and paleoclimate across the late Eocene and early Oligocene (~ 37.6–32.2 Ma). Early late Eocene floras and sporomorph-based climate estimates reveal Nothofagus-dominated forests growing under wet temperate conditions, with mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP) around 13 °C and 1660 mm, respectively. A phase of latest Eocene terrestrial cooling at 35.5 Ma reveals a decrease in MAT by around 2 °C possibly linked to the opening of the Powell Basin. This is followed by an increase in Mesozoic sporomorphs together with a shift in terrestrial biomarkers and sedimentological evidence indicating ice expansion to coastal and shelf areas approximately 34.1 million years ago. However, major changes to the terrestrial vegetation at Site 696 did not take place until the early Oligocene, where there is a distinct expansion of gymnosperms and cryptogams accompanied by a rapid increase in taxa diversity following 33.5 Ma. This unusual expansion of gymnosperms and cryptogams is suggested to be linked to environmental disturbance caused by repeat glacial expansion and retreat, which facilitated the expansion of conifer and ferns. We conclude that the timing of glacial onset rather suggests that the event at site 696 is linked to the global cooling at the EOT and that latest Eocene regional cooling cannot directly be linked. Therefore, confirming that the opening of ocean gateways alone did not trigger Antarctic glaciation, even if ocean gateways may have played a role in stepwise cooling before the EOT. |
author2 |
University of Northumbria at Newcastle United Kingdom Aarhus University Aarhus Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR) Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU) |
format |
Report |
author |
Thompson, Nick Salzmann, Ulrich López-Quirós, Adrián Bijl, Peter Hoem, Frida Etourneau, Johan Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine Roignant, Sabine Hocking, Emma Amoo, Michael Escutia, Carlota |
author_facet |
Thompson, Nick Salzmann, Ulrich López-Quirós, Adrián Bijl, Peter Hoem, Frida Etourneau, Johan Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine Roignant, Sabine Hocking, Emma Amoo, Michael Escutia, Carlota |
author_sort |
Thompson, Nick |
title |
Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition |
title_short |
Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition |
title_full |
Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition |
title_fullStr |
Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition |
title_sort |
vegetation change across the drake passage region linked to late eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the eocene–oligocene transition |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03503437 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-84 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-49.500,-49.500,-62.250,-62.250) |
geographic |
Antarctic Drake Passage Powell Basin Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Drake Passage Powell Basin Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Drake Passage Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Drake Passage Weddell Sea |
op_source |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03503437 2021 |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/cp-2021-84 hal-03503437 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03503437 doi:10.5194/cp-2021-84 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-84 |
_version_ |
1766173146884341760 |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-03503437v1 2023-05-15T13:42:49+02:00 Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene Transition Thompson, Nick Salzmann, Ulrich López-Quirós, Adrián Bijl, Peter Hoem, Frida Etourneau, Johan Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine Roignant, Sabine Hocking, Emma Amoo, Michael Escutia, Carlota University of Northumbria at Newcastle United Kingdom Aarhus University Aarhus Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR) Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU) 2021-12-27 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03503437 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-84 en eng HAL CCSD info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/cp-2021-84 hal-03503437 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03503437 doi:10.5194/cp-2021-84 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03503437 2021 [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint Preprints, Working Papers, . 2021 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-84 2022-01-08T23:28:03Z Abstract. The role and climatic impact of the opening of the Drake Passage and how it affected both marine and terrestrial environments across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT ~ 34 Ma) period remains poorly understood. Here we present new terrestrial palynomorph data compared with recently compiled lipid biomarker (n-alkane) data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 113 Site 696 drilled on the margin of the South Orkney Microcontinent in the Weddell Sea, to investigate changes in terrestrial environments and paleoclimate across the late Eocene and early Oligocene (~ 37.6–32.2 Ma). Early late Eocene floras and sporomorph-based climate estimates reveal Nothofagus-dominated forests growing under wet temperate conditions, with mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP) around 13 °C and 1660 mm, respectively. A phase of latest Eocene terrestrial cooling at 35.5 Ma reveals a decrease in MAT by around 2 °C possibly linked to the opening of the Powell Basin. This is followed by an increase in Mesozoic sporomorphs together with a shift in terrestrial biomarkers and sedimentological evidence indicating ice expansion to coastal and shelf areas approximately 34.1 million years ago. However, major changes to the terrestrial vegetation at Site 696 did not take place until the early Oligocene, where there is a distinct expansion of gymnosperms and cryptogams accompanied by a rapid increase in taxa diversity following 33.5 Ma. This unusual expansion of gymnosperms and cryptogams is suggested to be linked to environmental disturbance caused by repeat glacial expansion and retreat, which facilitated the expansion of conifer and ferns. We conclude that the timing of glacial onset rather suggests that the event at site 696 is linked to the global cooling at the EOT and that latest Eocene regional cooling cannot directly be linked. Therefore, confirming that the opening of ocean gateways alone did not trigger Antarctic glaciation, even if ocean gateways may have played a role in stepwise cooling before the EOT. Report Antarc* Antarctic Drake Passage Weddell Sea Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Antarctic Drake Passage Powell Basin ENVELOPE(-49.500,-49.500,-62.250,-62.250) Weddell Weddell Sea |