Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea
In the Arctic Ocean, phytoplankton blooms on continental shelves are often limited by light availability, and are therefore thought to be restricted to waters free of sea ice. During July 2011 in the Chukchi Sea, a large phytoplankton bloom was observed beneath fully consolidated pack ice and extend...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
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Online Access: | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03502769 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 |
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-03502769v1 2023-05-15T14:54:41+02:00 Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea Arrigo, Kevin R. Perovich, Donald K. Pickart, Robert S. Brown, Zachary W. Dijken, Gert L., Lowry, Kate E. Mills, Matthew M. Palmer, Molly A. Balch, William M. Bates, Nicholas R. Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Brownlee, Emily Frey, Karen E. Laney, Samuel R. Mathis, Jeremy Matsuoka, Atsushi Mitchell, B. Greg Moore, G. W. K. Reynolds, Rick A. Sosik, Heidi M. Swift, James H. Department of Earth System Science Stanford (ESS) Stanford EARTH Stanford University-Stanford University Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS Université Laval Québec (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV) Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California San Diego (UC San Diego) University of California-University of California Marine Physical Laboratory of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography 2014 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03502769 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 en eng HAL CCSD info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 hal-03502769 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03502769 doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03502769 Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2014, 105, pp.1-16. ⟨10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018⟩ [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2014 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 2022-01-01T23:24:17Z In the Arctic Ocean, phytoplankton blooms on continental shelves are often limited by light availability, and are therefore thought to be restricted to waters free of sea ice. During July 2011 in the Chukchi Sea, a large phytoplankton bloom was observed beneath fully consolidated pack ice and extended from the ice edge to > 100 km into the pack The bloom was composed primarily of diatoms, with biomass reaching 1291 mg chlorophyll alpha m(-2) and rates of carbon fixation as high as 3.7 g C m(-2) d(-1). Although the sea ice where the bloom was observed was near 100% concentration and 0.8-12 m thick, 30-40% of its surface was covered by melt ponds that transmitted 4-fold more light than adjacent areas of bare ice, providing sufficient light for phytoplankton to bloom. Phytoplankton growth rates associated with the under-ice bloom averaged 0.9 d(-1) and were as high as 1.6 d(-1). We argue that a thinning sea ice cover with more numerous melt ponds over the past decade has enhanced light penetration through the sea ice into the upper water column, favoring the development of these blooms. These observations, coupled with additional biogeochemical evidence, suggest that phytoplankton blooms are currently widespread on nutrient-rich Arctic continental shelves and that satellite-based estimates of annual primary production in waters where under-ice blooms develop are similar to 10-fold too low. These massive phytoplankton blooms represent a marked shift in our understanding of Arctic marine ecosystems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Phytoplankton Sea ice Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 105 1 16 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography Arrigo, Kevin R. Perovich, Donald K. Pickart, Robert S. Brown, Zachary W. Dijken, Gert L., Lowry, Kate E. Mills, Matthew M. Palmer, Molly A. Balch, William M. Bates, Nicholas R. Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Brownlee, Emily Frey, Karen E. Laney, Samuel R. Mathis, Jeremy Matsuoka, Atsushi Mitchell, B. Greg Moore, G. W. K. Reynolds, Rick A. Sosik, Heidi M. Swift, James H. Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea |
topic_facet |
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography |
description |
In the Arctic Ocean, phytoplankton blooms on continental shelves are often limited by light availability, and are therefore thought to be restricted to waters free of sea ice. During July 2011 in the Chukchi Sea, a large phytoplankton bloom was observed beneath fully consolidated pack ice and extended from the ice edge to > 100 km into the pack The bloom was composed primarily of diatoms, with biomass reaching 1291 mg chlorophyll alpha m(-2) and rates of carbon fixation as high as 3.7 g C m(-2) d(-1). Although the sea ice where the bloom was observed was near 100% concentration and 0.8-12 m thick, 30-40% of its surface was covered by melt ponds that transmitted 4-fold more light than adjacent areas of bare ice, providing sufficient light for phytoplankton to bloom. Phytoplankton growth rates associated with the under-ice bloom averaged 0.9 d(-1) and were as high as 1.6 d(-1). We argue that a thinning sea ice cover with more numerous melt ponds over the past decade has enhanced light penetration through the sea ice into the upper water column, favoring the development of these blooms. These observations, coupled with additional biogeochemical evidence, suggest that phytoplankton blooms are currently widespread on nutrient-rich Arctic continental shelves and that satellite-based estimates of annual primary production in waters where under-ice blooms develop are similar to 10-fold too low. These massive phytoplankton blooms represent a marked shift in our understanding of Arctic marine ecosystems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
author2 |
Department of Earth System Science Stanford (ESS) Stanford EARTH Stanford University-Stanford University Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS Université Laval Québec (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV) Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California San Diego (UC San Diego) University of California-University of California Marine Physical Laboratory of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Arrigo, Kevin R. Perovich, Donald K. Pickart, Robert S. Brown, Zachary W. Dijken, Gert L., Lowry, Kate E. Mills, Matthew M. Palmer, Molly A. Balch, William M. Bates, Nicholas R. Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Brownlee, Emily Frey, Karen E. Laney, Samuel R. Mathis, Jeremy Matsuoka, Atsushi Mitchell, B. Greg Moore, G. W. K. Reynolds, Rick A. Sosik, Heidi M. Swift, James H. |
author_facet |
Arrigo, Kevin R. Perovich, Donald K. Pickart, Robert S. Brown, Zachary W. Dijken, Gert L., Lowry, Kate E. Mills, Matthew M. Palmer, Molly A. Balch, William M. Bates, Nicholas R. Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Brownlee, Emily Frey, Karen E. Laney, Samuel R. Mathis, Jeremy Matsuoka, Atsushi Mitchell, B. Greg Moore, G. W. K. Reynolds, Rick A. Sosik, Heidi M. Swift, James H. |
author_sort |
Arrigo, Kevin R. |
title |
Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea |
title_short |
Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea |
title_full |
Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea |
title_fullStr |
Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea |
title_sort |
phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the chukchi sea |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03502769 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Phytoplankton Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Phytoplankton Sea ice |
op_source |
Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03502769 Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2014, 105, pp.1-16. ⟨10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 hal-03502769 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03502769 doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
container_volume |
105 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
16 |
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1766326440078344192 |