Heat Balance in the Nordic Seas in a Global 1/12° Coupled Model

• Published in: Journal of Climate
• Main Authors: Treguier, Anne Marie, Mathiot, Pierre, Graham, Tim, Copsey, Dan, Lique, Camille, Sterlin, Jean
• Other Authors: Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United Kingdom Met Office Exeter, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2021
• Subjects: Arctic; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Ocean dynamics; Eddies; Climate models; Oceanic variability; [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean; Atmosphere; Arctic Ocean; Greenland; Knipovich Ridge; Svalbard; Denmark Strait; East Greenland; east greenland current; Fram Strait; Iceland; Nordic Seas
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03381862; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03381862/document; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03381862/file/heat_flux_orca12.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0063.1

International audience The Nordic seas are a gateway to the Arctic Ocean, where Atlantic water undergoes a strong cooling during its transit. Here we investigate the heat balance of these regions in the high-resolution Met Office Global Coupled Model GC3 with a 1/12° grid. The GC3 model reproduces the contrasted ice conditions and ocean heat loss between the eastern and western regions of the Nordic seas. In the west (Greenland and Iceland seas), the heat loss experienced by the ocean is stronger than the atmospheric heat gain, because of the cooling by ice melt. The latter is a major contribution to the heat loss over the path of the East Greenland Current and west of Svalbard. In the model, surface fluxes balance the convergence of heat in each of the eastern and western regions. The net east–west heat exchange, integrated from Fram Strait to Iceland, is relatively small: the westward heat transport of the Return Atlantic Current over Knipovich Ridge balances the eastward heat transport by the East Icelandic Current. Time fluctuations, including eddies, are a significant contribution to the net heat transports. The eddy flux represents about 20% of the total heat transport in Denmark Strait and across Knipovich Ridge. The coupled ocean–atmosphere–ice model may overestimate the heat imported from the Atlantic and exported to the Arctic by 10% or 15%. This confirms the tendency toward higher northward heat transports as model resolution is refined, which will impact scenarios of future climate.