Le middleground de la côte nord-ouest : gestion de l’espace américain de l’empire russe

• Main Authors: De Wrangel, Catherine, de Wrangel, Alexis
• Other Authors: L'Antique, le Moderne (l'AMO), Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Auteur indépendant
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2013
• Subjects: Amérique russe; colonialisme; Tlingit; Eskimo-aléoutes; Haute-Californie; colonialisme russe en Amérique; gestion des territoires de frontière; [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education; [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics; Aléoutes; eskimo; eskimo*; tlingit
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03349659

International audience The Russian adventure in America starts when the French one in the Great Lakes Region ends. Unlike the Anglo-Saxon’s one, the Russian colonialism has many similarities with the French. The goal of the present paper, after an overview of the relationships between the Russians and the Natives, is to compare both colonialisms in order to define whether we are facing borrowings or rather a convergence of methods induced by other factors. Territories under the administration of the Russian-American Company formed peculiar and original cultural spaces in the bosom of the Russian Empire. This Middleground was characterized by cultural exchange in the fields of food, language, and clothing. The most interesting of these exchanges is the transfer of non-Russian cultural items of the Empire to the American space.Fort Ross (California) should be specially mentioned as a microcosm inhabited not only by various ethnical groups of the Empire, but also by Natives and other groups (Anglo-Saxons, Hawaiians…) it raises the question of the existence of a Chinook Jargon specific to this colony. In conclusion, the analogies between French and Russian policies in America seem to come from the fact that both countries adopted a pragmatic approach of the American space and practiced the same type of colonialism (Exploitation Colonies as defined by Jürgen Osterhammel). L´aventure russe en Amérique commence quand se termine la française dans la région des Grands Lacs. À la différence de celui des Anglo-saxons, le colonialisme russe en Amérique présente beaucoup d’analogies avec celui de la France. Le présent article, après un survol des rapports entre les Russes et les populations autochtones, se propose d’en faire une comparaison afin de déterminer s’il s’agit d’emprunts ou plutôt d’une convergence de méthodes induites par d’autres facteurs. Les territoires sous l’administration de la Compagnie Russo-Américaine ont constitué des espaces culturels particuliers et originaux dans la dimension de l’empire russe. ...