A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean
International audience Despite expanding in-situ observations of marine ecosystems by new-generation sensors, information about intermediate trophic levels remains sparse. Indeed, mid-trophic levels, while encompassing a broad range of zooplankton and micronekton organisms that represent a key compo...
Published in: | Journal of Marine Systems |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2021
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Online Access: | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03342311 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608 |
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-03342311v1 2023-05-15T16:05:46+02:00 A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean Tournier, Martin Goulet, Pauline Fonvieille, Nadège Nerini, David Johnson, Mark Guinet, Christophe Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Aarhus University Aarhus 2021-11 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03342311 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608 en eng HAL CCSD Elsevier info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608 hal-03342311 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03342311 doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608 ISSN: 0924-7963 Journal of Marine Systems https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03342311 Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier, 2021, 223, pp.103608. ⟨10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608⟩ Sonar tag Diel vertical migration Micronekton Marine acoustics Biologging Functional data analysis [SDE]Environmental Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2021 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608 2021-11-20T23:48:48Z International audience Despite expanding in-situ observations of marine ecosystems by new-generation sensors, information about intermediate trophic levels remains sparse. Indeed, mid-trophic levels, while encompassing a broad range of zooplankton and micronekton organisms that represent a key component of marine ecosystems and sustain large and diverse communities of marine predators, are challenging to sample and identify. In this study, we examined whether an animal-borne miniature active echosounder can provide information on the distribution and movements of mid-trophic level organisms. If so, such a sonar tag, harnessing the persistent diving behaviour of far-ranging marine mammals, could greatly increase the density of data on this under-studied biome. High-frequency (1.5 MHz) sonar tags were deployed simultaneously with oceanographic tags on two southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), at the Kerguelen Islands and Valdés Peninsula (Argentina), and recorded acoustic backscatter while the seals foraged respectively in the Indian and the Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean. The backscatter varied widely over time and space, and the seals attempted to capture only a small fraction of the insonified targets. Diel vertical migration patterns were clearly identifiable in the data, reinforcing our confidence in the ability of the sonar tags to detect living mid-trophic organisms along with possibly sinking biological detritus. Moreover, CTD tags attached to the same animals indicated how the abundance, size distribution, and diel migration behaviour of acoustic targets varied with water bodies. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential for animal-borne sonars to provide detailed in-situ information. Further validation effort will make it a valuable tool to refine the estimation of carbon export fluxes as well as for assessing the variation of mid-trophic level biomass according to oceanographic domains and seasons. Article in Journal/Newspaper Elephant Seals Kerguelen Islands Mirounga leonina Southern Elephant Seals Southern Ocean Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Southern Ocean Kerguelen Kerguelen Islands Indian Argentina Journal of Marine Systems 223 103608 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
Sonar tag Diel vertical migration Micronekton Marine acoustics Biologging Functional data analysis [SDE]Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Sonar tag Diel vertical migration Micronekton Marine acoustics Biologging Functional data analysis [SDE]Environmental Sciences Tournier, Martin Goulet, Pauline Fonvieille, Nadège Nerini, David Johnson, Mark Guinet, Christophe A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean |
topic_facet |
Sonar tag Diel vertical migration Micronekton Marine acoustics Biologging Functional data analysis [SDE]Environmental Sciences |
description |
International audience Despite expanding in-situ observations of marine ecosystems by new-generation sensors, information about intermediate trophic levels remains sparse. Indeed, mid-trophic levels, while encompassing a broad range of zooplankton and micronekton organisms that represent a key component of marine ecosystems and sustain large and diverse communities of marine predators, are challenging to sample and identify. In this study, we examined whether an animal-borne miniature active echosounder can provide information on the distribution and movements of mid-trophic level organisms. If so, such a sonar tag, harnessing the persistent diving behaviour of far-ranging marine mammals, could greatly increase the density of data on this under-studied biome. High-frequency (1.5 MHz) sonar tags were deployed simultaneously with oceanographic tags on two southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), at the Kerguelen Islands and Valdés Peninsula (Argentina), and recorded acoustic backscatter while the seals foraged respectively in the Indian and the Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean. The backscatter varied widely over time and space, and the seals attempted to capture only a small fraction of the insonified targets. Diel vertical migration patterns were clearly identifiable in the data, reinforcing our confidence in the ability of the sonar tags to detect living mid-trophic organisms along with possibly sinking biological detritus. Moreover, CTD tags attached to the same animals indicated how the abundance, size distribution, and diel migration behaviour of acoustic targets varied with water bodies. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential for animal-borne sonars to provide detailed in-situ information. Further validation effort will make it a valuable tool to refine the estimation of carbon export fluxes as well as for assessing the variation of mid-trophic level biomass according to oceanographic domains and seasons. |
author2 |
Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Aarhus University Aarhus |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tournier, Martin Goulet, Pauline Fonvieille, Nadège Nerini, David Johnson, Mark Guinet, Christophe |
author_facet |
Tournier, Martin Goulet, Pauline Fonvieille, Nadège Nerini, David Johnson, Mark Guinet, Christophe |
author_sort |
Tournier, Martin |
title |
A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean |
title_short |
A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean |
title_full |
A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the southern ocean |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03342311 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Kerguelen Kerguelen Islands Indian Argentina |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Kerguelen Kerguelen Islands Indian Argentina |
genre |
Elephant Seals Kerguelen Islands Mirounga leonina Southern Elephant Seals Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Elephant Seals Kerguelen Islands Mirounga leonina Southern Elephant Seals Southern Ocean |
op_source |
ISSN: 0924-7963 Journal of Marine Systems https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03342311 Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier, 2021, 223, pp.103608. ⟨10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608 hal-03342311 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03342311 doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103608 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Systems |
container_volume |
223 |
container_start_page |
103608 |
_version_ |
1766401652700479488 |