A ‘warm path’ for Gulf Stream–troposphere interactions
International audience Warm advection by the Gulf Stream creates a characteristic ‘tongue’ of warm water leaving a strong imprint on the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution in the western North Atlantic. This study aims at quantifying the climatological impact of this feature on cyclones trav...
Published in: | Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography |
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Online Access: | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/file/A%20warm%20path%20for%20Gulf%20Stream%20troposphere%20interactions.pdf https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397 |
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-03226903v1 2023-05-15T17:31:38+02:00 A ‘warm path’ for Gulf Stream–troposphere interactions Sheldon, Luke Czaja, Arnaud Vannière, Benoit Morcrette, Cyril Sohet, Benoit Casado, Mathieu Smith, Doug Imperial College London Department of Meteorology Reading University of Reading (UOR) United Kingdom Met Office Exeter Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) 2017 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/file/A%20warm%20path%20for%20Gulf%20Stream%20troposphere%20interactions.pdf https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397 en eng HAL CCSD Co-Action Publishing info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397 hal-03226903 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/file/A%20warm%20path%20for%20Gulf%20Stream%20troposphere%20interactions.pdf doi:10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0280-6495 EISSN: 1600-0870 Tellus A https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903 Tellus A, Co-Action Publishing, 2017, 69 (1), pp.1299397. ⟨10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397⟩ ocean–atmosphere interactions Gulf Stream climate dynamics [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2017 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397 2021-12-19T00:10:41Z International audience Warm advection by the Gulf Stream creates a characteristic ‘tongue’ of warm water leaving a strong imprint on the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution in the western North Atlantic. This study aims at quantifying the climatological impact of this feature on cyclones travelling across this region in winter using a combination of reanalysis data and numerical experiments. It is suggested that the Gulf Stream ‘warm tongue’ is conducive to enhanced upward motion in cyclones because (i) it helps maintain a high equivalent potential temperature of air parcels at low levels which favors deep ascent in the warm conveyor belt of cyclones and (ii) because the large SST gradients to the north of the warm tongue drive a thermally direct circulation reinforcing and, possibly, destabilizing, the transverse circulation embedded in cyclones. This hypothesis is confirmed by comparing simulations at 12 km resolution from the Met Office Unified Model forced with realistic SST distribution to simulations with an SST distribution from which the Gulf Stream warm tongue was artificially removed or made colder by . It is also supported by a dynamical diagnostic applied to the ERA interim data-set over the wintertime period (1979–2012). The mechanism of oceanic forcing highlighted in this study is associated with near thermal equilibration of low level air masses with SST in the warm sector of cyclones passing over the Gulf Stream warm tongue, which is in sharp contrast to what occurs in their cold sector. It is suggested that this ‘warm path’ for the climatic impact of the Gulf Stream on the North Atlantic storm-track is not currently represented in climate models because of their coarse horizontal resolution Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography 69 1 1299397 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
ocean–atmosphere interactions Gulf Stream climate dynamics [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology |
spellingShingle |
ocean–atmosphere interactions Gulf Stream climate dynamics [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology Sheldon, Luke Czaja, Arnaud Vannière, Benoit Morcrette, Cyril Sohet, Benoit Casado, Mathieu Smith, Doug A ‘warm path’ for Gulf Stream–troposphere interactions |
topic_facet |
ocean–atmosphere interactions Gulf Stream climate dynamics [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology |
description |
International audience Warm advection by the Gulf Stream creates a characteristic ‘tongue’ of warm water leaving a strong imprint on the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution in the western North Atlantic. This study aims at quantifying the climatological impact of this feature on cyclones travelling across this region in winter using a combination of reanalysis data and numerical experiments. It is suggested that the Gulf Stream ‘warm tongue’ is conducive to enhanced upward motion in cyclones because (i) it helps maintain a high equivalent potential temperature of air parcels at low levels which favors deep ascent in the warm conveyor belt of cyclones and (ii) because the large SST gradients to the north of the warm tongue drive a thermally direct circulation reinforcing and, possibly, destabilizing, the transverse circulation embedded in cyclones. This hypothesis is confirmed by comparing simulations at 12 km resolution from the Met Office Unified Model forced with realistic SST distribution to simulations with an SST distribution from which the Gulf Stream warm tongue was artificially removed or made colder by . It is also supported by a dynamical diagnostic applied to the ERA interim data-set over the wintertime period (1979–2012). The mechanism of oceanic forcing highlighted in this study is associated with near thermal equilibration of low level air masses with SST in the warm sector of cyclones passing over the Gulf Stream warm tongue, which is in sharp contrast to what occurs in their cold sector. It is suggested that this ‘warm path’ for the climatic impact of the Gulf Stream on the North Atlantic storm-track is not currently represented in climate models because of their coarse horizontal resolution |
author2 |
Imperial College London Department of Meteorology Reading University of Reading (UOR) United Kingdom Met Office Exeter Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sheldon, Luke Czaja, Arnaud Vannière, Benoit Morcrette, Cyril Sohet, Benoit Casado, Mathieu Smith, Doug |
author_facet |
Sheldon, Luke Czaja, Arnaud Vannière, Benoit Morcrette, Cyril Sohet, Benoit Casado, Mathieu Smith, Doug |
author_sort |
Sheldon, Luke |
title |
A ‘warm path’ for Gulf Stream–troposphere interactions |
title_short |
A ‘warm path’ for Gulf Stream–troposphere interactions |
title_full |
A ‘warm path’ for Gulf Stream–troposphere interactions |
title_fullStr |
A ‘warm path’ for Gulf Stream–troposphere interactions |
title_full_unstemmed |
A ‘warm path’ for Gulf Stream–troposphere interactions |
title_sort |
‘warm path’ for gulf stream–troposphere interactions |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/file/A%20warm%20path%20for%20Gulf%20Stream%20troposphere%20interactions.pdf https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
ISSN: 0280-6495 EISSN: 1600-0870 Tellus A https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903 Tellus A, Co-Action Publishing, 2017, 69 (1), pp.1299397. ⟨10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397 hal-03226903 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226903/file/A%20warm%20path%20for%20Gulf%20Stream%20troposphere%20interactions.pdf doi:10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2017.1299397 |
container_title |
Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography |
container_volume |
69 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
1299397 |
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1766129306908491776 |