Role of small Rhizaria and diatoms in the pelagic silica production of the Southern Ocean

• Published in: Limnology and Oceanography
• Main Authors: Llopis Monferrer, Natalia, Leynaert, Aude, Tréguer, Paul, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Andrés, Latasa, Mikel, Safi, Karl, Pinkerton, Matthew, Moriceau, Brivaëla, L'Helguen, Stéphane, Maguer, Jean-François, Gallinari, Morgane, Not, Fabrice
• Other Authors: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Wellington (NIWA), Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón (IEO), ANR-18-CE01-0011,RadiCal,Calibration des isotopes stable du silicium des Radiolaires : Développement d'un nouveau paleo-indicateur du cycle du silicium marin(2018), ANR-16-CE01-0002,BioPSis,La pompe biologique de carbone: 2 silicifiés essentiels(2016)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2021
• Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean; Atmosphere; Antarctic; Austral; Pacific; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03213360; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03213360/document; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03213360/file/LlopisMonferrer_et_al-2021-Limnology-Southern-Ocean.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11743

International audience We examined biogenic silica production and elementary composition (biogenic Si, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen) of Rhizaria and diatoms in the upper 200 m along a transect in the Southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer (January-February 2019). From incubations using the 32 Si radioisotope, silicic acid uptake rates were measured at 15 stations distributed in the Polar Front Zone, the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Ross Sea Gyre. Rhizaria cells are heavily silicified (up to 7.6 nmol Si cell −1), displaying higher biogenic Si content than similar size specimens found in other areas of the global ocean, suggesting a higher degree of silicification of these organisms in the silicic acid rich Southern Ocean. Despite their high biogenic Si and carbon content, the Si/C molar ratio (average of 0.05 ± 0.03) is quite low compared to that of diatoms and relatively constant regardless of the environmental conditions. The direct measurements of Rhizaria's biogenic Si production (0.8-36.8 μmol Si m −2 d −1) are of the same order of magnitude than previous indirect estimations, confirming the importance of the Southern Ocean for the global Rhizaria silica production. However, diatoms largely dominated the biogenic Si standing stock and production of the euphotic layer, with low rhizarians' abundances and biogenic Si production (no more than 1%). In this manuscript, we discuss the Antarctic paradox of Rhizaria, that is, the potential high accumulation rates of biogenic Si due to Rhizaria in siliceous sediments despite their low production rates in surface waters.