Ammonium is the preferred source of nitrogen for planktonic foraminifer and their dinoflagellate symbionts

• Published in: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
• Main Authors: LeKieffre, Charlotte, Spero, Howard, Fehrenbacher, Jennifer, Russell, Ann, Ren, Haojia, Geslin, Emmanuelle, Meibom, Anders
• Other Authors: Bio-Indicateurs Actuels et Fossiles (BIAF), Université d'Angers (UA), Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)European Commission200021_149333National Science Foundation (NSF)OCE-1261516OCE-0550703
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2020
• Subjects: planktonic foraminifera; dinoflagellate symbiosis; ammonium assimilation; ammonium recycling photosymbiosis; [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment; Planktonic foraminifera
• Online Access: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03153493; https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0620

International audience The symbiotic planktonic foraminiferaOrbulina universainhabits open ocean oligotrophic ecosystems where dissolved nutrients are scarce and often limit biological productivity. It has previously been proposed thatO. universameets its nitrogen (N) requirements by preying on zooplankton, and that its symbiotic dinoflagellates recycle metabolic 'waste ammonium' for their N pool. However, these conclusions were derived from bulk(15)N-enrichment experiments and model calculations, and our understanding of N assimilation and exchange between the foraminifer host cell and its symbiotic dinoflagellates remains poorly constrained. Here, we present data from pulse-chase experiments with(13)C-enriched inorganic carbon,N-15-nitrate, and(15)N-ammonium, as well as a(13)C- and(15)N- enriched heterotrophic food source, followed by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) coupled to NanoSIMS (nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry) isotopic imaging to visualize and quantify C and N assimilation and translocation in the symbiotic system. High levels of(15)N-labelling were observed in the dinoflagellates and in foraminiferal organelles and cytoplasm after incubation with(15)N-ammonium, indicating efficient ammonium assimilation. Only weak(15)N-assimilation was observed after incubation with(15)N-nitrate. Feeding foraminifers with(13)C- and(15)N-labelled food resulted in dinoflagellates that were labelled with(15)N, thereby confirming the transfer of(15)N-compounds from the digestive vacuoles of the foraminifer to the symbiotic dinoflagellates, likely through recycling of ammonium. These observations are important for N isotope-based palaeoceanographic reconstructions, as they show that delta N-15 values recorded in the organic matrix in symbiotic species likely reflect ammonium recycling rather than alternative N sources, such as nitrates.