The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean
International audience The first 2000 m of the global thermohaline structure of the ocean are statistically decomposed into vertical thermohaline modes, using a multivariate functional principal component analysis (FPCA). This method is applied on the Monthly Isopycnal and Mixed-Layer Ocean Climatol...
Published in: | Journal of Physical Oceanography |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2019
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923/file/jpo-d-19-0120_1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.1 |
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Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
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English |
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Water masses/storage Climatology Temperature Salinity In situ oceanic observations Ocean [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] |
spellingShingle |
Water masses/storage Climatology Temperature Salinity In situ oceanic observations Ocean [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] Pauthenet, Etienne Roquet, Fabien Madec, Gurvan Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Nerini, David The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean |
topic_facet |
Water masses/storage Climatology Temperature Salinity In situ oceanic observations Ocean [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] |
description |
International audience The first 2000 m of the global thermohaline structure of the ocean are statistically decomposed into vertical thermohaline modes, using a multivariate functional principal component analysis (FPCA). This method is applied on the Monthly Isopycnal and Mixed-Layer Ocean Climatology (MIMOC). The first three modes account for 92% of the joint temperature and salinity (T-S) variance, which yields a surprisingly good reduction of dimensionality. The first mode (69% of the variance) is related to the thermocline depth and delineates the subtropical gyres. The second mode (18%) is mostly driven by salinity and mainly displays the asymmetry between the North Pacific and Atlantic basins and the salty circumpolar deep waters in the Southern Ocean. The third mode (5%) identifies the low-and high-salinity intermediate waters, covarying with the freshwater inputs of the upper ocean. The representation of the ocean in the space defined by the first three modes offers a simple visualization of the global thermohaline structure that strikingly emphasizes the role of the Southern Ocean in linking and distributing water masses to the other basins. The vertical thermohaline modes offer a convenient framework for model and observation data comparison. This is illustrated by projecting the repeated Pacific section P16 together with profiles from the Array for Real-Time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) global array of profiling floats on the modes defined with the climatology MIMOC. These thermohaline modes have a potential for water mass identification and robust analysis of heat and salt content. |
author2 |
Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU) Department of Marine Sciences Gothenburg University of Gothenburg (GU) Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ) Mathematics and computing applied to oceanic and atmospheric flows (AIRSEA) Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ) Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pauthenet, Etienne Roquet, Fabien Madec, Gurvan Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Nerini, David |
author_facet |
Pauthenet, Etienne Roquet, Fabien Madec, Gurvan Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Nerini, David |
author_sort |
Pauthenet, Etienne |
title |
The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean |
title_short |
The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean |
title_full |
The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean |
title_fullStr |
The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean |
title_sort |
thermohaline modes of the global ocean |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923/file/jpo-d-19-0120_1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.1 |
geographic |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
ISSN: 0022-3670 EISSN: 1520-0485 Journal of Physical Oceanography https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923 Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, 2019, 49, pp.2535 - 2552. ⟨10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.1⟩ |
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op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.1 |
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Journal of Physical Oceanography |
container_volume |
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container_start_page |
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op_container_end_page |
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-03017923v1 2023-05-15T18:25:09+02:00 The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean Pauthenet, Etienne Roquet, Fabien Madec, Gurvan Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Nerini, David Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU) Department of Marine Sciences Gothenburg University of Gothenburg (GU) Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ) Mathematics and computing applied to oceanic and atmospheric flows (AIRSEA) Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ) Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2019-10-01 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923/file/jpo-d-19-0120_1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.1 en eng HAL CCSD American Meteorological Society info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.1 hal-03017923 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923/file/jpo-d-19-0120_1.pdf doi:10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.1 WOS: 000487353300001 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0022-3670 EISSN: 1520-0485 Journal of Physical Oceanography https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03017923 Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, 2019, 49, pp.2535 - 2552. ⟨10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.1⟩ Water masses/storage Climatology Temperature Salinity In situ oceanic observations Ocean [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2019 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.1 2021-12-19T00:45:00Z International audience The first 2000 m of the global thermohaline structure of the ocean are statistically decomposed into vertical thermohaline modes, using a multivariate functional principal component analysis (FPCA). This method is applied on the Monthly Isopycnal and Mixed-Layer Ocean Climatology (MIMOC). The first three modes account for 92% of the joint temperature and salinity (T-S) variance, which yields a surprisingly good reduction of dimensionality. The first mode (69% of the variance) is related to the thermocline depth and delineates the subtropical gyres. The second mode (18%) is mostly driven by salinity and mainly displays the asymmetry between the North Pacific and Atlantic basins and the salty circumpolar deep waters in the Southern Ocean. The third mode (5%) identifies the low-and high-salinity intermediate waters, covarying with the freshwater inputs of the upper ocean. The representation of the ocean in the space defined by the first three modes offers a simple visualization of the global thermohaline structure that strikingly emphasizes the role of the Southern Ocean in linking and distributing water masses to the other basins. The vertical thermohaline modes offer a convenient framework for model and observation data comparison. This is illustrated by projecting the repeated Pacific section P16 together with profiles from the Array for Real-Time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) global array of profiling floats on the modes defined with the climatology MIMOC. These thermohaline modes have a potential for water mass identification and robust analysis of heat and salt content. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Pacific Southern Ocean Journal of Physical Oceanography 49 10 2535 2552 |