What is the imagined North?

• Main Author: Chartier, Daniel
• Other Authors: Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire international de recherche sur l'imaginaire du Nord, de l'hiver et de l'Arctique, Arctic Arts Summit, Tartu Ülikool
• Format: Book
• Language: Estonian
• Published: HAL CCSD 2020
• Subjects: Nunavik; Images of the North; Canada; Cultural representations; Decolonial theory; Winter; Research ethics; Aboriginal; Nordicity; Inuit; Scandinavia; Discursive analysis; Russia; North; Literature; Culture; Far North; Colonialism; Arctic; Siberia; Greenland; Alaska; Québec; Estonia; [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography; [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies; [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science; [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology; [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology; [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History; [SHS.GENRE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Gender studies; [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology; [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History; Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences; [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature; North Pole; inuit; sami
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02963720; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02963720/document; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02963720/file/Estonien%20Complet.pdf

Edition multilingues International audience The North has been imagined and represented for centuries by artists and writers of the Western world, which has led, over time and the accumulation of successive layers of discourse, to the creation of an “imagined North” – ranging from the “North” of Scandinavia, Greenland, Russia, to the “Far North” or the poles. Westerners have reached the North Pole only a century go, which makes the “North” the product of a double perspective: an outside one – made especially of Western images – and an inside one – that of Northern cultures (Inuit, Sami, Cree, etc.). The first are often simplified and the second, ignored. If we wish to understand what the “North” is in an overall perspective, we must ask ourselves two questions: how do images define the North, and which ethical principles should govern how we consider Northern cultures in order to have a complete view (including, in particular, those that have been undervalued by the South)? In this article, I try to address these two questions, first by defining what is the imagined North and then by proposing an inclusive program to “recomplexify” the cultural Arctic. Läänemaailma kunstnikud ja kirjanikud on juba sajandeid põhjast mõelnud ja seda kujutanud juba sajandeid, aja jooksul on järjepanu kuhjunud diskursiivsed kihid viinud põhja kujutluse loomiseni – nähtagu selles Skandinaaviat, Gröönimaad, Venemaad, Kaug-Põhja või pooluseid. Aga et läänest jõuti põhjapooluseni välja alles eelmisel sajandil, siis on tekkinud põhjale kahekordne vaade: väline (eelkõige lääne kujutelm) ja sisemine (põhja kultuuride – inuitide, skandinaavlaste, kriide jt – vaade). Kui soovime põhja uurida üldises perspektiivis, peame esitama kaks küsimust: kuidas määratleda põhja kujutluspiltide kaudu ja millistest eetilistest põhimõtetest lähtuvalt tuleb põhja käsitleda, et saada täielik ülevaade ja hõlmata ka neid kultuure, keda lõuna on tahaplaanile jätnud? Seega tegeleme nende kahe küsimusega: kõigepealt defineerime kujutluse põhjast, seejärel ...