An annotated draft genome of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus)

• Published in: Genome Biology and Evolution
• Main Authors: Marques, João, Seixas, Fernando, Farelo, Liliana, Callahan, Colin, Good, Jeffrey, Montgomery, W Ian, Reid, Neil, Alves, Paulo, Boursot, Pierre, Melo-Ferreira, José
• Other Authors: CIBIO/UP, Universidade do Porto, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR226, Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Division of Biological Sciences Missoula, MT, University of Montana, Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast (QUB), Centro de Investigacao em Biodiverdidade e Recursos Geneticos (CIBIO-UP)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2019
• Subjects: whole-genome sequencing; de novo assembly; annotation; hares; Leporids; Lagomorpha; [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]; Lepus timidus; mountain hare
• Online Access: https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-02428653; https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-02428653/document; https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-02428653/file/Marques-2020-An%20annotated%20draft%20genome%20of%20the.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz273

International audience Hares (genus Lepus) provide clear examples of repeated and often massive introgressive hybridization and striking local adaptations. Genomic studies on this group have so far relied on comparisons to the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) reference genome. Here, we report the first de novo draft reference genome for a hare species, the mountain hare (Lepus timidus), and evaluate the efficacy of whole-genome re-sequencing analyses using the new reference versus using the rabbit reference genome. The genome was assembled using the ALLPATHS-LG protocol with a combination of overlapping pair and mate-pair Illumina sequencing (77x coverage). The assembly contained 32,294 scaffolds with a total length of 2.7 Gb and a scaffold N50 of 3.4 Mb. Re-scaffolding based on the rabbit reference reduced the total number of scaffolds to 4,205 with a scaffold N50 of 194 Mb. A correspondence was found between 22 of these hare scaffolds and the rabbit chromosomes, based on gene content and direct alignment. We annotated 24,578 protein coding genes by combining ab-initio predictions, homology search, and transcriptome data, of which 683 were solely derived from hare-specific transcriptome data. The hare reference genome is therefore a new resource to discover and investigate hare-specific variation. Similar estimates of heterozygosity and inferred demographic history profiles were obtained when mapping hare whole-genome re-sequencing data to the new hare draft genome or to alternative references based on the rabbit genome. Our results validate previous reference-based strategies and suggest that the chromosome-scale hare draft genome should enable chromosome-wide analyses and genome scans on hares.