The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom
During summer, phytoplankton can bloom in the Arctic Ocean, both in open water and under ice, often strongly linked to the retreating ice edge. There, the surface ocean responds to steep lateral gradients in ice melt, mixing, and light input, shaping the Arctic ecosystem in unique ways not found in...
Published in: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2019
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/document https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/file/357-6139-1-PB.pdf https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 |
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-02165776v1 |
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openpolar |
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Open Polar |
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Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
Spring bloom Ice edge Phytoplankton Arctic Turbulence Light [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Spring bloom Ice edge Phytoplankton Arctic Turbulence Light [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography Randelhoff, Achim Oziel, Laurent Massicotte, Philippe Bécu, Guislain Gali, Marti Lacour, Leo Dumont, Dany Vladoiu, Anda Marec, Claudie Bruyant, Flavienne Houssais, Marie-Noëlle Tremblay, Jean-Éric Deslongchamps, Gabrièle Babin, Marcel The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
topic_facet |
Spring bloom Ice edge Phytoplankton Arctic Turbulence Light [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography |
description |
During summer, phytoplankton can bloom in the Arctic Ocean, both in open water and under ice, often strongly linked to the retreating ice edge. There, the surface ocean responds to steep lateral gradients in ice melt, mixing, and light input, shaping the Arctic ecosystem in unique ways not found in other regions of the world ocean. In 2016, we sampled a high-resolution grid of 135 hydrographic stations in Baffin Bay as part of the Green Edge project to study the ice-edge bloom, including turbulent vertical mixing, the under-ice light field, concentrations of inorganic nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass. We found pronounced differences between an Atlantic sector dominated by the warm West Greenland Current and an Arctic sector with surface waters originating from the Canadian archipelago. Winter overturning and thus nutrient replenishment was hampered by strong haline stratification in the Arctic domain, whereas close to the West Greenland shelf, weak stratification permitted winter mixing with high-nitrate Atlantic-derived waters. Using a space-for-time approach, we linked upper ocean dynamics to the phytoplankton bloom trailing the retreating ice edge. In a band of 60 km (or 15 days) around the ice edge, the upper ocean was especially affected by a freshened surface layer. Light climate, as evidenced by deep 0.415 mol m–2 d–1 isolumes, and vertical mixing, as quantified by shallow mixing layer depths, should have permitted significant net phytoplankton growth more than 100 km into the pack ice at ice concentrations close to 100%. Yet, under-ice biomass was relatively low at 20 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 and depth-integrated total chlorophyll-a (0–80 m) peaked at an average value of 75 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 only around 10 days after ice retreat. This phenological peak may hence have been the delayed result of much earlier bloom initiation and demonstrates the importance of temporal dynamics for constraints of Arctic marine primary production. |
author2 |
Université Laval Québec (ULaval) Bedford Institute of Oceanography Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER) Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR) Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU) Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG) CNES (project #131425) IPEV (project #1164) ANR-14-CE01-0017,Green Edge,Productivité biologique dans l'Océan Arctique: réponse passée, présente et future aux fluctuations climatiques, et impacts sur les flux de carbone, le réseau trophique et les communautés humaines locales(2014) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Randelhoff, Achim Oziel, Laurent Massicotte, Philippe Bécu, Guislain Gali, Marti Lacour, Leo Dumont, Dany Vladoiu, Anda Marec, Claudie Bruyant, Flavienne Houssais, Marie-Noëlle Tremblay, Jean-Éric Deslongchamps, Gabrièle Babin, Marcel |
author_facet |
Randelhoff, Achim Oziel, Laurent Massicotte, Philippe Bécu, Guislain Gali, Marti Lacour, Leo Dumont, Dany Vladoiu, Anda Marec, Claudie Bruyant, Flavienne Houssais, Marie-Noëlle Tremblay, Jean-Éric Deslongchamps, Gabrièle Babin, Marcel |
author_sort |
Randelhoff, Achim |
title |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_short |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_full |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_fullStr |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_full_unstemmed |
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
title_sort |
evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/document https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/file/357-6139-1-PB.pdf https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Canadian Archipelago Greenland Phytoplankton |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Canadian Archipelago Greenland Phytoplankton |
op_source |
EISSN: 2325-1026 Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776 Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, 2019, 7, pp.20. ⟨10.1525/elementa.357⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1525/elementa.357 hal-02165776 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/document https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/file/357-6139-1-PB.pdf doi:10.1525/elementa.357 WOS: 000471034700001 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 |
container_title |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
container_volume |
7 |
_version_ |
1766319770532052992 |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-02165776v1 2023-05-15T14:48:41+02:00 The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom Randelhoff, Achim Oziel, Laurent Massicotte, Philippe Bécu, Guislain Gali, Marti Lacour, Leo Dumont, Dany Vladoiu, Anda Marec, Claudie Bruyant, Flavienne Houssais, Marie-Noëlle Tremblay, Jean-Éric Deslongchamps, Gabrièle Babin, Marcel Université Laval Québec (ULaval) Bedford Institute of Oceanography Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER) Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR) Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU) Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG) CNES (project #131425) IPEV (project #1164) ANR-14-CE01-0017,Green Edge,Productivité biologique dans l'Océan Arctique: réponse passée, présente et future aux fluctuations climatiques, et impacts sur les flux de carbone, le réseau trophique et les communautés humaines locales(2014) 2019 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/document https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/file/357-6139-1-PB.pdf https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 en eng HAL CCSD University of California Press info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1525/elementa.357 hal-02165776 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/document https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776/file/357-6139-1-PB.pdf doi:10.1525/elementa.357 WOS: 000471034700001 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess EISSN: 2325-1026 Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02165776 Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, 2019, 7, pp.20. ⟨10.1525/elementa.357⟩ Spring bloom Ice edge Phytoplankton Arctic Turbulence Light [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2019 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.357 2021-12-19T01:54:52Z During summer, phytoplankton can bloom in the Arctic Ocean, both in open water and under ice, often strongly linked to the retreating ice edge. There, the surface ocean responds to steep lateral gradients in ice melt, mixing, and light input, shaping the Arctic ecosystem in unique ways not found in other regions of the world ocean. In 2016, we sampled a high-resolution grid of 135 hydrographic stations in Baffin Bay as part of the Green Edge project to study the ice-edge bloom, including turbulent vertical mixing, the under-ice light field, concentrations of inorganic nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass. We found pronounced differences between an Atlantic sector dominated by the warm West Greenland Current and an Arctic sector with surface waters originating from the Canadian archipelago. Winter overturning and thus nutrient replenishment was hampered by strong haline stratification in the Arctic domain, whereas close to the West Greenland shelf, weak stratification permitted winter mixing with high-nitrate Atlantic-derived waters. Using a space-for-time approach, we linked upper ocean dynamics to the phytoplankton bloom trailing the retreating ice edge. In a band of 60 km (or 15 days) around the ice edge, the upper ocean was especially affected by a freshened surface layer. Light climate, as evidenced by deep 0.415 mol m–2 d–1 isolumes, and vertical mixing, as quantified by shallow mixing layer depths, should have permitted significant net phytoplankton growth more than 100 km into the pack ice at ice concentrations close to 100%. Yet, under-ice biomass was relatively low at 20 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 and depth-integrated total chlorophyll-a (0–80 m) peaked at an average value of 75 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 only around 10 days after ice retreat. This phenological peak may hence have been the delayed result of much earlier bloom initiation and demonstrates the importance of temporal dynamics for constraints of Arctic marine primary production. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Canadian Archipelago Greenland Phytoplankton Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Greenland Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 7 |