Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland
International audience Magma flow during volcanic eruptions causes surface deformation that can be used to constrain the location, geometry and internal pressure evolution of the underlying magmatic source(1). The height of the volcanic plumes during explosive eruptions also varies with magma flow r...
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-02011631v1 2023-05-15T16:48:31+02:00 Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Roberts, Matthew Björnsson, Halldór Grapenthin, Ronni Arason, Pórdur Árnadóttir, Thóra Hólmjárn, Jósef Geirsson, Halldór Bennett, Richard Gudmundsson, Magnús Oddsson, Björn Ófeigsson, Benedikt Villemin, Thierry Jónsson, Thorsteinn Sturkell, Erik Höskuldsson, Ármann Larsen, Gudrún Thordarson, Thor Óladóttir, Bergrún Arna University of Iceland Reykjavik Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland University of Iceland Reykjavik -University of Iceland Reykjavik Department of Agricultural & Food Economics University of Reading (UOR) Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM) Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Earth Sciences Gothenburg University of Gothenburg (GU) 2014-03 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02011631 en eng HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group hal-02011631 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02011631 ISSN: 1752-0894 Nature Geoscience https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02011631 Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 2014, 7 (3), pp.214-218 [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2014 ftccsdartic 2021-09-12T00:10:03Z International audience Magma flow during volcanic eruptions causes surface deformation that can be used to constrain the location, geometry and internal pressure evolution of the underlying magmatic source(1). The height of the volcanic plumes during explosive eruptions also varies with magma flow rate, in a nonlinear way(2,3). In May 2011, an explosive eruption at Grimsvotn Volcano, Iceland, erupted about 0.27 km(3) dense-rock equivalent of basaltic magma in an eruption plume that was about 20 km high. Here we use Global Positioning System (GPS) and tilt data, measured before and during the eruption at Grimsvotn Volcano, to show that the rate of pressure change in an underlying magma chamber correlates with the height of the volcanic plume over the course of the eruption. We interpret ground deformation of the volcano, measured by geodesy, to result from a pressure drop within a magma chamber at about 1.7 km depth. We estimate the rate of magma discharge and the associated evolution of the plume height by differentiating the co-eruptive pressure drop with time. The time from the initiation of the pressure drop to the onset of the eruption was about 60 min, with about 25% of the total pressure change preceding the eruption. Near-real-time geodetic observations can thus be useful for both timely eruption warnings and for constraining the evolution of volcanic plumes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Grimsvotn ENVELOPE(-17.319,-17.319,64.416,64.416) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography |
spellingShingle |
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Roberts, Matthew Björnsson, Halldór Grapenthin, Ronni Arason, Pórdur Árnadóttir, Thóra Hólmjárn, Jósef Geirsson, Halldór Bennett, Richard Gudmundsson, Magnús Oddsson, Björn Ófeigsson, Benedikt Villemin, Thierry Jónsson, Thorsteinn Sturkell, Erik Höskuldsson, Ármann Larsen, Gudrún Thordarson, Thor Óladóttir, Bergrún Arna Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland |
topic_facet |
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography |
description |
International audience Magma flow during volcanic eruptions causes surface deformation that can be used to constrain the location, geometry and internal pressure evolution of the underlying magmatic source(1). The height of the volcanic plumes during explosive eruptions also varies with magma flow rate, in a nonlinear way(2,3). In May 2011, an explosive eruption at Grimsvotn Volcano, Iceland, erupted about 0.27 km(3) dense-rock equivalent of basaltic magma in an eruption plume that was about 20 km high. Here we use Global Positioning System (GPS) and tilt data, measured before and during the eruption at Grimsvotn Volcano, to show that the rate of pressure change in an underlying magma chamber correlates with the height of the volcanic plume over the course of the eruption. We interpret ground deformation of the volcano, measured by geodesy, to result from a pressure drop within a magma chamber at about 1.7 km depth. We estimate the rate of magma discharge and the associated evolution of the plume height by differentiating the co-eruptive pressure drop with time. The time from the initiation of the pressure drop to the onset of the eruption was about 60 min, with about 25% of the total pressure change preceding the eruption. Near-real-time geodetic observations can thus be useful for both timely eruption warnings and for constraining the evolution of volcanic plumes. |
author2 |
University of Iceland Reykjavik Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland University of Iceland Reykjavik -University of Iceland Reykjavik Department of Agricultural & Food Economics University of Reading (UOR) Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM) Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Earth Sciences Gothenburg University of Gothenburg (GU) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Roberts, Matthew Björnsson, Halldór Grapenthin, Ronni Arason, Pórdur Árnadóttir, Thóra Hólmjárn, Jósef Geirsson, Halldór Bennett, Richard Gudmundsson, Magnús Oddsson, Björn Ófeigsson, Benedikt Villemin, Thierry Jónsson, Thorsteinn Sturkell, Erik Höskuldsson, Ármann Larsen, Gudrún Thordarson, Thor Óladóttir, Bergrún Arna |
author_facet |
Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Roberts, Matthew Björnsson, Halldór Grapenthin, Ronni Arason, Pórdur Árnadóttir, Thóra Hólmjárn, Jósef Geirsson, Halldór Bennett, Richard Gudmundsson, Magnús Oddsson, Björn Ófeigsson, Benedikt Villemin, Thierry Jónsson, Thorsteinn Sturkell, Erik Höskuldsson, Ármann Larsen, Gudrún Thordarson, Thor Óladóttir, Bergrún Arna |
author_sort |
Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún |
title |
Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland |
title_short |
Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland |
title_full |
Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland |
title_sort |
volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at grímsvötn volcano, iceland |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02011631 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-17.319,-17.319,64.416,64.416) |
geographic |
Grimsvotn |
geographic_facet |
Grimsvotn |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
ISSN: 1752-0894 Nature Geoscience https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02011631 Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 2014, 7 (3), pp.214-218 |
op_relation |
hal-02011631 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02011631 |
_version_ |
1766038598966050816 |