Food availability and predation risk, rather than intrinsic attributes, are the main factors shaping the reproductive decisions of a long-lived predator

• Published in: Journal of Animal Ecology
• Main Authors: Hoy, Sarah, Millon, Alexandre, Petty, Steve, Whitfield, D. Philip, Lambin, Xavier
• Other Authors: Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biological Sciences (APERU), University of Aberdeen
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2016
• Subjects: northern goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; clutch size; breeding propensity; breeding decisions; juvenile survival; life-history trade-offs; Strix aluco; tawny owl; reproductive strategies; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society; [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes; Northern Goshawk
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01766425; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01766425/document; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01766425/file/Hoy%20et%20al%20JAE%20REVISIONS%20FINAL.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12517

International audience 1. Deciphering the causes of variation in reproductive success is a fundamental issue in ecology , as the number of offspring produced is an important driver of individual fitness and population dynamics. Little is known, however, about how different factors interact to drive variation in reproduction, such as whether an individual's response to extrinsic conditions (e.g. food availability or predation) varies according to its intrinsic attributes (e.g. age, previous allocation of resources towards reproduction). 2. We used 29 years of reproductive data from marked female tawny owls and natural variation in food availability (field vole) and predator abundance (northern goshawk) to quantify the extent to which extrinsic and intrinsic factors interact to influence owl reproductive traits (breeding propensity, clutch size and nest abandonment). 3. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors appeared to interact to affect breeding propensity (which accounted for 83% of the variation in owl reproductive success). Breeding propensity increased with vole density, although increasing goshawk abundance reduced the strength of this relationship. Owls became slightly more likely to breed as they aged, although this was only apparent for individuals who had fledged chicks the year before. 4. Owls laid larger clutches when food was more abundant. When owls were breeding in territories less exposed to goshawk predation, 99.5% of all breeding attempts reached the fledging stage. In contrast, the probability of breeding attempts reaching the fledging stage in territories more exposed to goshawk predation depended on the amount of resources an owl had already allocated towards reproduction (averaging 87Á7% for owls with clutches of 1–2 eggs compared to 97Á5% for owls with clutches of 4–6 eggs). 5. Overall, our results suggested that changes in extrinsic conditions (predominantly food availability, but also predator abundance) had the greatest influence on owl reproduction. In response to deteriorating extrinsic ...