Black-legged kittiwakes as messengers of Atlantification in the Arctic

• Published in: Scientific Reports
• Main Authors: Vihtakari, Mikko, Welcker, Jorg, Moe, Børge, Chastel, Olivier, Tartu, Sabrina, Hop, Haakon, Bech, Claus, Descamps, Sébastien, Gabrielsen, Geir Wing
• Other Authors: Norwegian Polar Institute, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2018
• Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences; Arctic; Svalbard; Kongsfjord; Kongsfjord*; Kongsfjorden; polar cod; Sea ice; Zooplankton
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01698404; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-19118-8

International audience Climate warming is rapidly altering marine ecosystems towards a more temperate state on the European side of the Arctic. However, this “Atlantification” has rarely been confirmed, as long-term datasets on Arctic marine organisms are scarce. We present a 19-year time series (1982–2016) of diet samples from black-legged kittiwakes as an indicator of the changes in a high Arctic marine ecosystem (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). Our results highlight a shift from Arctic prey dominance until 2006 to a more mixed diet with high contribution of Atlantic fishes. Capelin, an Atlantic species, dominated the diet composition in 2007, marking a shift in the food web. The occurrence of polar cod, a key Arctic fish species, positively correlated with sea ice index, whereas Atlantic species demonstrated the opposite correlation indicating that the diet shift was likely connected with recent climate warming. Kittiwakes, which gather available fish and zooplankton near the sea surface to feed their chicks, can act as messengers of ecosystem change. Changes in their diet reveal that the Kongsfjord system has drifted in an Atlantic direction over the last decade.