Cypress Pollinosis: from Tree to Clinic

• Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
• Main Authors: Charpin, Denis, Pichot, Christian, Belmonte, Jordina, Sutra, Jean-Pierre, Zidkova, Jarmila, Chanez, Pascal, Shahali, Youcef, Sénéchal, Hélène, Poncet, Pascal
• Other Authors: Adhésion et Inflammation (LAI), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology Barcelona (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, CHU Trousseau APHP, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organisation (AREEO ), Centre de Recherche et Innovation Technologique (CITECH), Institut Pasteur Paris, ICTA "Unit of Excellence" (MinECo)MDM2015-0552
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2017
• Subjects: botanical composition; Allergens; Botanic; clinic; Cypress pollen; Epidemiology; genêtic factor; aerobiology; serological techniques; cupressus; cupressaceae; allergène; facteur génétique; aérobiologie; épidémiologie; technique immunologique; composition botanique; dispersion du pollen; réchauffement climatique; [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes; [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01608882; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-017-8602-y

Cypress (Cupressus sp.pl) is a genus within the Cupressaceae family. This family covers all of the Earth's continents except for Antarctica, and it includes about 160 species. The most important taxa for allergic diseases belong to five different genera: Cupressus, Hesperocyparis, Juniperus, Cryptomeria, and Chamaecyparis. Cupressaceae species share a common pollen type that can even include the genus Taxus (Taxaceae) when this plant is also present. As Juniperus oxycedrus pollinates in October, Cupressus sempervirens in January and February, Hesperocyparis arizonica (prev. Cupressus arizonica) in February and March, and Juniperus communis in April, the symptomatic period is long-lasting. Due to global warming, the pollination period tends to last longer, and there is a trend for Cupressaceae bioclimate niches to migrate north. In Mediterranean areas, C. sempervirens (Italian cypress or Mediterranean cypress) is by far the most common pollinating species. It accounts for half of the total pollination level. The group 1 major allergens belong to the pectate-lyase family, and members share 70 to 97% sequence homology within the different Cupressaceae. Group 2 allergens correspond to the polygalacturonase protein family, while group 3, a minor allergen, belongs to the family of "thaumatin-like proteins," a pathogenesis-related protein 5. Group 4 allergens are Ca++-binding protein (4 EF-hands). Aside from these four groups, about 15 other allergens have been reported. Prominent among these is a basic low-molecular mass cross-reactive allergen that was identified recently, and which is suspected to be involved in pollen food syndromes which are common with peach and citrus. The prevalence of cypress allergy in the general population ranges from 0.6 to 3%, depending on the degree of exposure to the pollen. Depending on the geographic area and the studied population, 9 to 65% of outpatients consulting an allergist may have sensitization to cypress pollen. Repeated cross-sectional studies performed at different time ...