Adaptive divergence in embryonic thermal plasticity among Atlantic salmon populations

• Published in: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
• Main Authors: Cöte, Jessica, Roussel, Jean-Marc, Le Cam, Sabrina, Guillaume, F., Evanno, Guillaume
• Other Authors: Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich Zürich (UZH)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2016
• Subjects: thermal reaction norm; selection; adaptation; fish; Q(st)-F-st comparison; Salmo salar; life-history traits; frog rana-arvalis; climate-change; phenotypic; plasticity; reaction norms; natural-selection; brown trout; acidification gradient; contrasting patterns; quantitative traits; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; Bertrand; Tremblay; Atlantic salmon
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01602237; https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12896

We thank our colleagues from the U3E staff (INRA, Rennes) for their help during field sessions and rearing experiments: G. Bertrand, A. Cheyrousse, A. Gallard, N. Jeannot, B. Joseph, C. Lacoste, F. Marchand, A. Quemeneur, C. Saget and J. Tremblay. We are also really grateful to D. Huteau for his help during capture and rearing. We also acknowledge A. Baisez, D. Balestin, A. Bardonnet, D. Barracou, E. Bussy, R. Delanoe, P. Etchecopar, P. Gaudin, Y. Guilloux, M. Hoffman, F. Lange, C. Lousto, Y. Moulia, P. Martin, Y. Moello, E. Prevost, J. Rancon, G. Surzur and V. Vauclin who were involved in the capture of Atlantic salmon or supplied environmental data on the study sites. We are also grateful to Juha Merila and an anonymous referee for extremely useful comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. SLC was supported by a grant from Plan Loire Grandeur Nature (project no 34108) to GE. In the context of global changes, the long-term viability of populations of endangered ectotherms may depend on their adaptive potential and ability to cope with temperature variations. We measured responses of Atlantic salmon embryos from four populations to temperature variations and used a Q(ST)-F-ST approach to study the adaptive divergence among these populations. Embryos were reared under two experimental conditions: a low temperature regime at 4 degrees C until eyed-stage and 10 degrees C until the end of embryonic development and a high temperature regime with a constant temperature of 10 degrees C throughout embryonic development. Significant variations among populations and populationxtemperature interactions were observed for embryo survival, incubation time and length. Q(ST) was higher than F-ST in all but one comparison suggesting an important effect of divergent selection. Q(ST) was also higher under the high-temperature treatment than at low temperature for length and survival due to a higher variance among populations under the stressful warmer treatment. Interestingly, heritability was lower for survival under high ...