Net primary productivity estimates and environmental variables in the Arctic Ocean: An assessment of coupled physical-biogeochemical models

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• Main Authors: Lee, Younjoo J., Matrai, Patricia A., Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M., Saba, Vincent, Aumont, Olivier, Babin, Marcel, Buitenhuis, Erik T., Chevallier, Matthieu, de Mora, Lee, Dessert, Morgane, Dunne, John P., Ellingsen, Ingrid H., Feldman, Doron, Frouin, Robert, Gehlen, Marion, Gorgues, Thomas, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jin, Meibing, John, Jasmin G., Lawrence, Jon, Manizza, Manfredi, Menkès, Christophe E., Perruche, Coralie, Le Fouest, Vincent, Popova, Ekaterina E., Romanou, Anastasia, Samuelsen, Annette, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Stock, Charles A., Tjiputra, Jerry, Tremblay, L. Bruno, Ueyoshi, Kyozo, Vichi, Marcello, Yool, Andrew, Zhang, Jinlun
• Other Authors: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval Québec (ULaval), School of Environmental Sciences Norwich, University of East Anglia Norwich (UEA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California San Diego (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC), University of Southampton, PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen (NERSC), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences Bergen (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Montréal, McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2016
• Subjects: [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography; [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Greenland; Arctic Basin; Beaufort Sea; Chukchi; Phytoplankton; Sea ice; Zooplankton
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01414033; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01414033/document; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01414033/file/2016JC011993.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011993

International audience The relative skill of 21 regional and global biogeochemical models was assessed in terms of how well the models reproduced observed net primary productivity (NPP) and environmental variables such as nitrate concentration (NO 3 ), mixed layer depth (MLD), euphotic layer depth (Z eu ), and sea ice concentration, by comparing results against a newly updated, quality-controlled in situ NPP database for the Arctic Ocean (1959–2011). The models broadly captured the spatial features of integrated NPP (iNPP) on a pan-Arctic scale. Most models underestimated iNPP by varying degrees in spite of overestimating surface NO 3 , MLD, and Z eu throughout the regions. Among the models, iNPP exhibited little difference over sea ice condition (ice-free versus ice-influenced) and bottom depth (shelf versus deep ocean). The models performed relatively well for the most recent decade and toward the end of Arctic summer. In the Barents and Greenland Seas, regional model skill of surface NO 3 was best associated with how well MLD was reproduced. Regionally, iNPP was relatively well simulated in the Beaufort Sea and the central Arctic Basin, where in situ NPP is low and nutrients are mostly depleted. Models performed less well at simulating iNPP in the Greenland and Chukchi Seas, despite the higher model skill in MLD and sea ice concentration, respectively. iNPP model skill was constrained by different factors in different Arctic Ocean regions. Our study suggests that better parameterization of biological and ecological microbial rates (phytoplankton growth and zooplankton grazing) are needed for improved Arctic Ocean biogeochemical modeling.