Interaction between toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella exposure and disease associated with herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Pacific oyster spat Crassostrea gigas.

• Published in: Harmful Algae
• Main Authors: Lassudrie, Malwenn, Soudant, Philippe, Nicolas, Jean-Louis, Fabioux, Caroline, Miner, Philippe, Le Grand, Jacqueline, Lambert, Christophe, Petton, Bruno, Hegaret, Helene
• Other Authors: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-13-CESA-0019,ACCUTOX,De la caractérisation des déterminants de l'accumulation des toxines paralysantes (PST) chez l'huître (Crassostrea gigas) au risque sanitaire pour l'homme dans son contexte sociétal(2013)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2015
• Subjects: OsHV-1 μVar; Crassostrea gigas; Alexandrium; Host–pathogen interaction; PST accumulation; Harmful algal blooms; [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment/Symbiosis; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes; [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology; [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health; [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment/Ecosystems; [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery; Pacific; Pacific oyster
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01154224; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2015.04.007

International audience Blooms of toxic dinoflagellates can co-occur with mass mortality events associated with herpesvirus OsHV-1 μVar infection that have been decimating Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas spat and juveniles every summer since 2008 in France. This study investigated the possible effect of a harmful dinoflagellate, Alexandrium catenella, a producer of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs), upon the oyster spat–herpesvirus interaction. Oyster spat from a hatchery were challenged by cohabitation with oysters contaminated in the field with OsHV-1 μVar and possibly other pathogens. Simultaneously, the oysters were exposed to cultured A. catenella. Infection with OsHV-1 μVar and PST accumulation were measured after 4 days of experimental exposure.Exposure to Alexandrium catenella modified the host–pathogen interaction by reducing prevalence of OsHV-1 μVar infection. In addition, oysters challenged with OsHV-1 μVar and possibly other pathogens from the environment accumulated smaller amounts of PSTs than unchallenged oysters. Three possible mechanisms are suggested by these results: (i) possible direct interactions between A. catenella and herpesvirus (or associated pathogens) could reduce viral transmission and algal availability for oyster consumption; (ii) oyster feeding behavior or digestive functions may have been altered, thus decreasing both uptake of viral particles and consumption or digestion of toxic algae and consequent toxin accumulation; (iii) immuno-activation by A. catenella could enhance defense efficiency against OsHV-1 μVar infection. These findings suggest further research on relationships between OsHV-1 μVar and toxic dinoflagellates and their combined effects upon disease transmission and proliferation processes, as well as on oyster physiological and immunological involvement in this complex, tripartite interaction.