How many species in the Southern Ocean? Towards a dynamic inventory of the Antarctic marine species.

• Published in: Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
• Main Authors: De Broyer, Claude, Danis, Bruno, Allcock, Louise, Angel, Martin, Arango, Claudia, Artois, Tom, Barnes, David, Bester, Marthan, Blachowiak-Samolyk, Kasia, Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Magda, Bohn, Jens, Brandão Simone, Nunes, Brandt, Angelika, DAVID, Bruno, de Salas, Miguel, Deprez, Tim, Eléaume, Marc, Emig, Christian, Fautin, Daphne, George, Kai-Horst, Gillan, David, Gooday, Andrew, Hopcroft, Russ, Jangoux, Michel, Janussen, Dorte, Koubbi, Philippe, Kouwenberg, Juliana, Kuklinski, Piotr, Ligowski, Ryszard, Lindsay, Dhugal, Linse, Katrin, Longshaw, Matt, López-González, Pablo, Mühlenhardt-Siegel, Ute, Munilla, Tomas, Neuhaus, Birger, Norenburg, Jon, Ozouf-Costaz, Catherine, Pakhomov, Evgeny, Peña-Cantero Álvaro, L., Perrin, William, Petryashov, Victor, Piatkowski, Uwe, Pierrot-Bults, Annelies, Razouls, Claude, Rocka, Anna, Saiz-Salinas, José, Salvini-Plawen, Luitfried, Scarabino, Victor, Schiaparelli, Stefano
• Other Authors: Department of Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Department of Zoology Galway, Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway)-National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Comité français d'histoire de la géologie (COFRHIGEO), Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, Department of Zoology and Entomology Pretoria, University of Pretoria South Africa, Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Biogéosciences UMR 6282 Dijon (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), BrachNet, National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC), University of Southampton, Sektion Marine Evertebraten I, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Juliana Children's Hospital, Haga Teaching Hospital Hague, The Natural History Museum London (NHM), Institute of Oceanology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Biodiversidad y Ecología de Invertebrados Marinos, Departamento de Fisiología y Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Laboratorio de Zoologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Biology education, University of Munich, Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Universita degli studi di Genova, Ocean and Earth Science Southampton, University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Marine Biology Department, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University Belgium (UGENT), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Horbat (IMAS), University of Tasmania Hobart, Australia (UTAS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles (I.R.Sc.N.B.), Biologie des Eaux Douces
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2011
• Subjects: Taxonomy; Cybertaxonomy; Barcoding; Southern Ocean; Antarctic; Biodiversity; Species inventory; Information system; [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity; The Antarctic; Antarc*; IPY
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01132567; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.007

13 pages International audience The IPY sister-projects CAML and SCAR-MarBIN provided a timely opportunity, a strong collaborative framework and an appropriate momentum to attempt assessing the “Known, Unknown and Unknowable” of Antarctic marine biodiversity. To allow assessing the known biodiversity, SCAR-MarBIN “Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS)” was compiled and published by a panel of 64 taxonomic experts. Thanks to this outstanding expertise mobilized for the first time, an accurate list of more than 8100 valid species was compiled and an up-to-date systematic classification comprising more than 16,800 taxon names was established. This taxonomic information is progressively and systematically completed by species occurrence data, provided by literature, taxonomic and biogeographic databases, new data from CAML and other cruises, and museum collections. RAMS primary role was to establish a benchmark of the present taxonomic knowledge of the Southern Ocean biodiversity, particularly important in the context of the growing realization of potential impacts of the global change on Antarctic ecosystems. This, in turn, allowed detecting gaps in knowledge, taxonomic treatment and coverage, and estimating the importance of the taxonomic impediment, as well as the needs for more complete and efficient taxonomic tools. A second, but not less important, role of RAMS was to contribute to the “taxonomic backbone” of the SCAR-MarBIN, OBIS and GBIF networks, to establish a dynamic information system on Antarctic marine biodiversity for the future. The unknown part of the Southern Ocean biodiversity was approached by pointing out what remains to be explored and described in terms of geographical locations and bathymetric zones, habitats, or size classes of organisms. The growing importance of cryptic species is stressed, as they are more and more often detected by molecular studies in several taxa. Relying on RAMS results and on some case studies of particular model groups, the question of the potential number ...