Sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three Earth system models
International audience Among proposed mechanisms for counteracting global warming through solar radiation management is the deliberate injection of sea salt acting via marine cloud brightening and the direct effect of sea-salt aerosols. In this study, we show results from multidecadal simulations of...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2013
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Online Access: | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/file/Altersjkaer%203%20ESM%20results.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020432 |
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Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
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English |
topic |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology Alterskjær, K. Kristjánsson, J.E. Boucher, Olivier Muri, H. Niemeier, U. Schmidt, H. Schulz, M Timmreck, C. Sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three Earth system models |
topic_facet |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology |
description |
International audience Among proposed mechanisms for counteracting global warming through solar radiation management is the deliberate injection of sea salt acting via marine cloud brightening and the direct effect of sea-salt aerosols. In this study, we show results from multidecadal simulations of such sea-salt climate engineering (SSCE) on top of the RCP4.5 emission scenario using three Earth system models. As in the proposed "G3" experiment of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project, SSCE is designed to keep the top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing at the 2020 level for 50 years. SSCE is then turned off and the models run for another 20 years, enabling an investigation of the abrupt warming associated with a termination of climate engineering ("termination effect"). As in former idealized studies, the climate engineering in all three models leads to a significant suppression of evaporation from low-latitude oceans and reduced precipitation over low-latitude oceans as well as in the storm-track regions. Unlike those studies, however, we find in all models enhanced evaporation, cloud formation, and precipitation over low-latitude land regions. This is a response to the localized cooling over the low-latitude oceans imposed by the SSCE design. As a result, the models obtain reduced aridity in many low-latitude land regions as well as in southern Europe. Terminating the SSCE leads to a rapid near-surface temperature increase, which, in the Arctic, exceeds 2 K in all three models within 20 years after SSCE has ceased. In the same period September Arctic sea ice cover shrinks by over 25%. Key Points This is the first multi-ESM study of sea salt climate engineering Over the low-latitude continents all models find a reduction in aridity Terminating climate engineering leads to Arctic warming exceeding 1 K / decade ©2013 The Authors. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres published by Wiley on behalf of the American Geophysical Union. |
author2 |
Department of Geosciences Oslo Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Oslo University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO) Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD) Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Norwegian Meteorological Institute Oslo (MET) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Alterskjær, K. Kristjánsson, J.E. Boucher, Olivier Muri, H. Niemeier, U. Schmidt, H. Schulz, M Timmreck, C. |
author_facet |
Alterskjær, K. Kristjánsson, J.E. Boucher, Olivier Muri, H. Niemeier, U. Schmidt, H. Schulz, M Timmreck, C. |
author_sort |
Alterskjær, K. |
title |
Sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three Earth system models |
title_short |
Sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three Earth system models |
title_full |
Sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three Earth system models |
title_fullStr |
Sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three Earth system models |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three Earth system models |
title_sort |
sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: the transient response in three earth system models |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/file/Altersjkaer%203%20ESM%20results.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020432 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Global warming Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Global warming Sea ice |
op_source |
ISSN: 2169-897X EISSN: 2169-8996 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union, 2013, 118 (21), pp.12195-12206. ⟨10.1002/2013JD020432⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/2013JD020432 hal-01099544 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/file/Altersjkaer%203%20ESM%20results.pdf doi:10.1002/2013JD020432 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020432 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
container_volume |
118 |
container_issue |
21 |
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1766330188114690048 |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-01099544v1 2023-05-15T14:58:06+02:00 Sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three Earth system models Alterskjær, K. Kristjánsson, J.E. Boucher, Olivier Muri, H. Niemeier, U. Schmidt, H. Schulz, M Timmreck, C. Department of Geosciences Oslo Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Oslo University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO) Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD) Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Norwegian Meteorological Institute Oslo (MET) 2013 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/file/Altersjkaer%203%20ESM%20results.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020432 en eng HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/2013JD020432 hal-01099544 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544/file/Altersjkaer%203%20ESM%20results.pdf doi:10.1002/2013JD020432 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 2169-897X EISSN: 2169-8996 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099544 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union, 2013, 118 (21), pp.12195-12206. ⟨10.1002/2013JD020432⟩ [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2013 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020432 2021-11-21T03:17:09Z International audience Among proposed mechanisms for counteracting global warming through solar radiation management is the deliberate injection of sea salt acting via marine cloud brightening and the direct effect of sea-salt aerosols. In this study, we show results from multidecadal simulations of such sea-salt climate engineering (SSCE) on top of the RCP4.5 emission scenario using three Earth system models. As in the proposed "G3" experiment of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project, SSCE is designed to keep the top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing at the 2020 level for 50 years. SSCE is then turned off and the models run for another 20 years, enabling an investigation of the abrupt warming associated with a termination of climate engineering ("termination effect"). As in former idealized studies, the climate engineering in all three models leads to a significant suppression of evaporation from low-latitude oceans and reduced precipitation over low-latitude oceans as well as in the storm-track regions. Unlike those studies, however, we find in all models enhanced evaporation, cloud formation, and precipitation over low-latitude land regions. This is a response to the localized cooling over the low-latitude oceans imposed by the SSCE design. As a result, the models obtain reduced aridity in many low-latitude land regions as well as in southern Europe. Terminating the SSCE leads to a rapid near-surface temperature increase, which, in the Arctic, exceeds 2 K in all three models within 20 years after SSCE has ceased. In the same period September Arctic sea ice cover shrinks by over 25%. Key Points This is the first multi-ESM study of sea salt climate engineering Over the low-latitude continents all models find a reduction in aridity Terminating climate engineering leads to Arctic warming exceeding 1 K / decade ©2013 The Authors. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres published by Wiley on behalf of the American Geophysical Union. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Global warming Sea ice Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Arctic Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118 21 |