Response of Eyjafjallajökull, Torfajökull and Tindfjallajökull ice caps in Iceland to regional warming, deduced by remote sensing

• Published in: Polar Research
• Main Authors: Gudmundsson, S., Björnsson, Helgi, Magnusson, E., Berthier, Etienne, Palsson, F., Gudmundsson, M.T., Högnadottir, T., Dall, J.
• Other Authors: University of Iceland Reykjavik, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences Reykjavik, Technical University of Denmark Lyngby (DTU)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2011
• Subjects: [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography; Tindfjallajökull; Torfajökull; Eyjafjallajökull; glacier; Iceland; Polar Research
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00626059; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00626059/document; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00626059/file/7282-26519-1-PB.pdf; https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v30i0.7282

International audience We assess the volume change and mass balance of three ice caps in southern Iceland for two periods, 1979 1984 to 1998 and 1998 to 2004, by comparing digital elevation models (DEMs). The ice caps are Eyjafjallajo¨ kull (ca. 81 km2), Tindfjallajo¨ kull (ca. 15 km2) and Torfajo¨ kull (ca. 14 km2). The DEMs were compiled using aerial photographs from 1979 to 1984, airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images obtained in 1998 and two image pairs from the SPOT 5 satellite's high-resolution stereoscopic (HRS) instrument acquired in 2004. The ice-free part of the accurate DEM from 1998 was used as a reference map for co-registration and correction of the vertical offset of the other DEMs. The average specific mass balance was estimated from the mean elevation difference between glaciated areas of the DEMs. The glacier mass balance declined significantly between the two periods: from 0.2 to 0.2 m yr 1 w. eq. during the earlier period (1980s through 1998) to 1.8 to 1.5 m yr 1 w. eq. for the more recent period (1998 2004). The declining mass balance is consistent with increased temperature over the two periods. The low mass balance and the small accumulation area ratio of Tindfjallajo¨ kull and Torfajo¨ kull indicate that they will disappear if the presentday climate continues. The future lowering rate of Eyjafjallajo¨ kull will, however, be influenced by the 2010 subglacial eruption in the Eyjafjallajo¨ kull volcano.