Contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries
International audience Background Women now outlive men throughout the globe, a mortality advantage which is very longstanding in developed European countries. Debate continues about the causes of the gender gap, although smoking is known to have been a major contributor to the difference in earlier...
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-00599969v1 2023-05-15T16:51:45+02:00 Contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries McCartney, Gerry Mahmood, Lamia Leyland, Alastair H Batty, G David Hunt, Kate MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit 2011-01-12 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969/file/PEER_stage2_10.1136%252Ftc.2010.037929.pdf https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.037929 en eng HAL CCSD BMJ Publishing Group info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1136/tc.2010.037929 hal-00599969 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969/file/PEER_stage2_10.1136%252Ftc.2010.037929.pdf doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037929 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0964-4563 EISSN: 1468-3318 Tobacco Control https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969 Tobacco Control, BMJ Publishing Group, 2011, 20 (2), pp.166. ⟨10.1136/tc.2010.037929⟩ Smoking Caused Disease info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2011 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.037929 2020-12-26T05:41:40Z International audience Background Women now outlive men throughout the globe, a mortality advantage which is very longstanding in developed European countries. Debate continues about the causes of the gender gap, although smoking is known to have been a major contributor to the difference in earlier decades. Objectives To compare the magnitude of the gender gap in all-cause mortality in 30 European countries, and assess the contribution of smoking-related and alcohol-related deaths. Methods Data on all-cause mortality, smoking-related mortality and alcohol-related mortality for 30 European countries were extracted from the World Health Organisation-Health for All database for the year closest to 2005. Rates were standardised by the direct method using the European population standard, and were for all age groups. The proportion of the gender gap in all-cause mortality attributable to smoking-related and alcohol-related deaths was calculated. Results There was considerable variation in the magnitude of the male 'excess' of all-cause mortality across Europe, ranging from 188 per 100,000 per year in Iceland to 942 per 100,000 per year in Ukraine. Smoking-related deaths accounted for around 40% to 60% of the gender gap, whilst alcohol-related mortality typically accounted for 20-30% of the gender gap in Eastern Europe and 10- 20% elsewhere in Europe. Discussion Smoking continues to be the most important cause of gender differences in mortality across Europe, but its importance as an explanation for this difference is often overshadowed by presumptions about other explanations. Changes in smoking patterns by gender suggest that the gender gap in mortality will diminish in coming decades. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Tobacco Control 20 2 166 168 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
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ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
Smoking Caused Disease |
spellingShingle |
Smoking Caused Disease McCartney, Gerry Mahmood, Lamia Leyland, Alastair H Batty, G David Hunt, Kate Contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries |
topic_facet |
Smoking Caused Disease |
description |
International audience Background Women now outlive men throughout the globe, a mortality advantage which is very longstanding in developed European countries. Debate continues about the causes of the gender gap, although smoking is known to have been a major contributor to the difference in earlier decades. Objectives To compare the magnitude of the gender gap in all-cause mortality in 30 European countries, and assess the contribution of smoking-related and alcohol-related deaths. Methods Data on all-cause mortality, smoking-related mortality and alcohol-related mortality for 30 European countries were extracted from the World Health Organisation-Health for All database for the year closest to 2005. Rates were standardised by the direct method using the European population standard, and were for all age groups. The proportion of the gender gap in all-cause mortality attributable to smoking-related and alcohol-related deaths was calculated. Results There was considerable variation in the magnitude of the male 'excess' of all-cause mortality across Europe, ranging from 188 per 100,000 per year in Iceland to 942 per 100,000 per year in Ukraine. Smoking-related deaths accounted for around 40% to 60% of the gender gap, whilst alcohol-related mortality typically accounted for 20-30% of the gender gap in Eastern Europe and 10- 20% elsewhere in Europe. Discussion Smoking continues to be the most important cause of gender differences in mortality across Europe, but its importance as an explanation for this difference is often overshadowed by presumptions about other explanations. Changes in smoking patterns by gender suggest that the gender gap in mortality will diminish in coming decades. |
author2 |
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
McCartney, Gerry Mahmood, Lamia Leyland, Alastair H Batty, G David Hunt, Kate |
author_facet |
McCartney, Gerry Mahmood, Lamia Leyland, Alastair H Batty, G David Hunt, Kate |
author_sort |
McCartney, Gerry |
title |
Contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries |
title_short |
Contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries |
title_full |
Contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries |
title_fullStr |
Contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries |
title_full_unstemmed |
Contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries |
title_sort |
contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 european countries |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969/file/PEER_stage2_10.1136%252Ftc.2010.037929.pdf https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.037929 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
ISSN: 0964-4563 EISSN: 1468-3318 Tobacco Control https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969 Tobacco Control, BMJ Publishing Group, 2011, 20 (2), pp.166. ⟨10.1136/tc.2010.037929⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1136/tc.2010.037929 hal-00599969 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599969/file/PEER_stage2_10.1136%252Ftc.2010.037929.pdf doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037929 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.037929 |
container_title |
Tobacco Control |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
166 |
op_container_end_page |
168 |
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1766041856579207168 |