Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis
International audience Aerosol samples were collected at a rural background site in southern Finland in May 2004. The elemental composition, morphology and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in three size fractions were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with ener...
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ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-00301999v1 2023-12-03T10:18:45+01:00 Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis Niemi, J. V. Saarikoski, S. Tervahattu, H. Mäkelä, T. Hillamo, R. Vehkamäki, H. Sogacheva, L. Kulmala, M. Division of Population Biology Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) Nordic Envicon Ltd. Department of Physics Helsinki Falculty of Science Helsinki Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki 2006-07-19 https://hal.science/hal-00301999 https://hal.science/hal-00301999/document https://hal.science/hal-00301999/file/acpd-6-6753-2006.pdf en eng HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union hal-00301999 https://hal.science/hal-00301999 https://hal.science/hal-00301999/document https://hal.science/hal-00301999/file/acpd-6-6753-2006.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1680-7367 EISSN: 1680-7375 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions https://hal.science/hal-00301999 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2006, 6 (4), pp.6753-6799 [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2006 ftccsdartic 2023-11-04T23:55:04Z International audience Aerosol samples were collected at a rural background site in southern Finland in May 2004. The elemental composition, morphology and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in three size fractions were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalyses. The TEM/EDX results were complemented with the size-segregated bulk chemical measurements of selected ions and organic and elemental carbon. Many of the particles in PM 0.2?1 and PM 1?3.3 size fractions were strongly internally mixed with S, C and/or N. The major particle types in all PM 0.2?1 samples were ammonium sulphates with/without carbon and dark inclusion(s) (number proportion of particles 54?86%), carbon/sulphate mixture with dark inclusions(s) (4?10%), internally mixed soot/sulphate particles (2?22%), soot (0?12%) and K-rich particles with S and/or C (0?9%). During the pollution episode (PM 1.6 ~18 ?g m ?3 , the proportion of Ca-rich particles was very high (26?48%) in the PM 1?3.3 and PM 3.3?11 samples, while the PM 0.2?1 and PM 1?3.3 samples contained elevated proportions of silicates (22?33%, also fly ash particles), metal oxides/hydroxides (1?9%) and tar balls (1?4%). These aerosols originated mainly from polluted areas of Eastern Europe, and some open biomass burning smoke was also brought by long-range transport. During the clean period (PM 1.6 ~2 ?g m ?3 , when air masses arrived from the Arctic Ocean, PM 1?3.3 samples contained mainly sea salt particles (67?89%) with a variable rate of Cl substitution (mainly by NO 3 ? . During the intermediate period (PM 1.6 ~5 ?g m ?3 , the PM 1?3.3 sample contained porous (sponge-like) Na-rich particles (35%) with abundant S, K and O. They might originate from the burning of wood pulp wastes of paper industry. The proportion of biological particles and C-rich fragments (probably also biological origin) were highest in the PM 3.3?11 samples (0?81% and 0?22%, respectively). The origin of different particle types and the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Arctic Arctic Ocean |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere Niemi, J. V. Saarikoski, S. Tervahattu, H. Mäkelä, T. Hillamo, R. Vehkamäki, H. Sogacheva, L. Kulmala, M. Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis |
topic_facet |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
description |
International audience Aerosol samples were collected at a rural background site in southern Finland in May 2004. The elemental composition, morphology and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in three size fractions were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalyses. The TEM/EDX results were complemented with the size-segregated bulk chemical measurements of selected ions and organic and elemental carbon. Many of the particles in PM 0.2?1 and PM 1?3.3 size fractions were strongly internally mixed with S, C and/or N. The major particle types in all PM 0.2?1 samples were ammonium sulphates with/without carbon and dark inclusion(s) (number proportion of particles 54?86%), carbon/sulphate mixture with dark inclusions(s) (4?10%), internally mixed soot/sulphate particles (2?22%), soot (0?12%) and K-rich particles with S and/or C (0?9%). During the pollution episode (PM 1.6 ~18 ?g m ?3 , the proportion of Ca-rich particles was very high (26?48%) in the PM 1?3.3 and PM 3.3?11 samples, while the PM 0.2?1 and PM 1?3.3 samples contained elevated proportions of silicates (22?33%, also fly ash particles), metal oxides/hydroxides (1?9%) and tar balls (1?4%). These aerosols originated mainly from polluted areas of Eastern Europe, and some open biomass burning smoke was also brought by long-range transport. During the clean period (PM 1.6 ~2 ?g m ?3 , when air masses arrived from the Arctic Ocean, PM 1?3.3 samples contained mainly sea salt particles (67?89%) with a variable rate of Cl substitution (mainly by NO 3 ? . During the intermediate period (PM 1.6 ~5 ?g m ?3 , the PM 1?3.3 sample contained porous (sponge-like) Na-rich particles (35%) with abundant S, K and O. They might originate from the burning of wood pulp wastes of paper industry. The proportion of biological particles and C-rich fragments (probably also biological origin) were highest in the PM 3.3?11 samples (0?81% and 0?22%, respectively). The origin of different particle types and the ... |
author2 |
Division of Population Biology Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) Nordic Envicon Ltd. Department of Physics Helsinki Falculty of Science Helsinki Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Niemi, J. V. Saarikoski, S. Tervahattu, H. Mäkelä, T. Hillamo, R. Vehkamäki, H. Sogacheva, L. Kulmala, M. |
author_facet |
Niemi, J. V. Saarikoski, S. Tervahattu, H. Mäkelä, T. Hillamo, R. Vehkamäki, H. Sogacheva, L. Kulmala, M. |
author_sort |
Niemi, J. V. |
title |
Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis |
title_short |
Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis |
title_full |
Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis |
title_fullStr |
Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis |
title_sort |
changes in background aerosol composition in finland during polluted and clean periods studied by tem/edx individual particle analysis |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00301999 https://hal.science/hal-00301999/document https://hal.science/hal-00301999/file/acpd-6-6753-2006.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
op_source |
ISSN: 1680-7367 EISSN: 1680-7375 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions https://hal.science/hal-00301999 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2006, 6 (4), pp.6753-6799 |
op_relation |
hal-00301999 https://hal.science/hal-00301999 https://hal.science/hal-00301999/document https://hal.science/hal-00301999/file/acpd-6-6753-2006.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1784265787579564032 |