Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006
International audience In spring 2006, the European Arctic was abnormally warm, setting new historical temperature records. During this warm period, smoke from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe intruded into the European Arctic and caused the most severe air pollution episodes ever recorded there...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2007
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-00296130 https://hal.science/hal-00296130/document https://hal.science/hal-00296130/file/acp-7-511-2007.pdf |
id |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-00296130v1 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-00296130v1 2024-02-11T09:54:55+01:00 Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006 Stohl, A. Berg, T. Burkhart, J. F. Fj?raa, A. M. Forster, C. Herber, A. Hov, Ø. Lunder, C. Mcmillan, W. W. Oltmans, S. Shiobara, M. Simpson, D. Solberg, S. Stebel, K. Ström, J. Tørseth, K. Treffeisen, R. Virkkunen, K. Yttri, K. E. Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) University of California University of California (UC) Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine (AWI) Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association Norwegian Meteorological Institute Oslo (MET) University of Maryland College Park University of Maryland System NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Institute of Polar Research Tokyo (NiPR) Department of Applied Environmental Science Stockholm (ITM) Stockholm University Arctic Centre Department of Chemistry 2007-01-26 https://hal.science/hal-00296130 https://hal.science/hal-00296130/document https://hal.science/hal-00296130/file/acp-7-511-2007.pdf en eng HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union hal-00296130 https://hal.science/hal-00296130 https://hal.science/hal-00296130/document https://hal.science/hal-00296130/file/acp-7-511-2007.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1680-7316 EISSN: 1680-7324 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics https://hal.science/hal-00296130 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007, 7 (2), pp.511-534 [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2007 ftccsdartic 2024-01-21T01:00:56Z International audience In spring 2006, the European Arctic was abnormally warm, setting new historical temperature records. During this warm period, smoke from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe intruded into the European Arctic and caused the most severe air pollution episodes ever recorded there. This paper confirms that biomass burning (BB) was indeed the source of the observed air pollution, studies the transport of the smoke into the Arctic, and presents an overview of the observations taken during the episode. Fire detections from the MODIS instruments aboard the Aqua and Terra satellites were used to estimate the BB emissions. The FLEXPART particle dispersion model was used to show that the smoke was transported to Spitsbergen and Iceland, which was confirmed by MODIS retrievals of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and AIRS retrievals of carbon monoxide (CO) total columns. Concentrations of halocarbons, carbon dioxide and CO, as well as levoglucosan and potassium, measured at Zeppelin mountain near Ny Ålesund, were used to further corroborate the BB source of the smoke at Spitsbergen. The ozone (O 3 ) and CO concentrations were the highest ever observed at the Zeppelin station, and gaseous elemental mercury was also elevated. A new O 3 record was also set at a station on Iceland. The smoke was strongly absorbing ? black carbon concentrations were the highest ever recorded at Zeppelin ? and strongly perturbed the radiation transmission in the atmosphere: aerosol optical depths were the highest ever measured at Ny Ålesund. We furthermore discuss the aerosol chemical composition, obtained from filter samples, as well as the aerosol size distribution during the smoke event. Photographs show that the snow at a glacier on Spitsbergen became discolored during the episode and, thus, the snow albedo was reduced. Samples of this polluted snow contained strongly elevated levels of potassium, sulphate, nitrate and ammonium ions, thus relating the discoloration to the deposition of the smoke aerosols. This paper ... Article in Journal/Newspaper albedo Arctic black carbon glacier Iceland Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Spitsbergen Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Arctic Ny-Ålesund |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere Stohl, A. Berg, T. Burkhart, J. F. Fj?raa, A. M. Forster, C. Herber, A. Hov, Ø. Lunder, C. Mcmillan, W. W. Oltmans, S. Shiobara, M. Simpson, D. Solberg, S. Stebel, K. Ström, J. Tørseth, K. Treffeisen, R. Virkkunen, K. Yttri, K. E. Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006 |
topic_facet |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
description |
International audience In spring 2006, the European Arctic was abnormally warm, setting new historical temperature records. During this warm period, smoke from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe intruded into the European Arctic and caused the most severe air pollution episodes ever recorded there. This paper confirms that biomass burning (BB) was indeed the source of the observed air pollution, studies the transport of the smoke into the Arctic, and presents an overview of the observations taken during the episode. Fire detections from the MODIS instruments aboard the Aqua and Terra satellites were used to estimate the BB emissions. The FLEXPART particle dispersion model was used to show that the smoke was transported to Spitsbergen and Iceland, which was confirmed by MODIS retrievals of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and AIRS retrievals of carbon monoxide (CO) total columns. Concentrations of halocarbons, carbon dioxide and CO, as well as levoglucosan and potassium, measured at Zeppelin mountain near Ny Ålesund, were used to further corroborate the BB source of the smoke at Spitsbergen. The ozone (O 3 ) and CO concentrations were the highest ever observed at the Zeppelin station, and gaseous elemental mercury was also elevated. A new O 3 record was also set at a station on Iceland. The smoke was strongly absorbing ? black carbon concentrations were the highest ever recorded at Zeppelin ? and strongly perturbed the radiation transmission in the atmosphere: aerosol optical depths were the highest ever measured at Ny Ålesund. We furthermore discuss the aerosol chemical composition, obtained from filter samples, as well as the aerosol size distribution during the smoke event. Photographs show that the snow at a glacier on Spitsbergen became discolored during the episode and, thus, the snow albedo was reduced. Samples of this polluted snow contained strongly elevated levels of potassium, sulphate, nitrate and ammonium ions, thus relating the discoloration to the deposition of the smoke aerosols. This paper ... |
author2 |
Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) University of California University of California (UC) Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine (AWI) Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association Norwegian Meteorological Institute Oslo (MET) University of Maryland College Park University of Maryland System NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Institute of Polar Research Tokyo (NiPR) Department of Applied Environmental Science Stockholm (ITM) Stockholm University Arctic Centre Department of Chemistry |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stohl, A. Berg, T. Burkhart, J. F. Fj?raa, A. M. Forster, C. Herber, A. Hov, Ø. Lunder, C. Mcmillan, W. W. Oltmans, S. Shiobara, M. Simpson, D. Solberg, S. Stebel, K. Ström, J. Tørseth, K. Treffeisen, R. Virkkunen, K. Yttri, K. E. |
author_facet |
Stohl, A. Berg, T. Burkhart, J. F. Fj?raa, A. M. Forster, C. Herber, A. Hov, Ø. Lunder, C. Mcmillan, W. W. Oltmans, S. Shiobara, M. Simpson, D. Solberg, S. Stebel, K. Ström, J. Tørseth, K. Treffeisen, R. Virkkunen, K. Yttri, K. E. |
author_sort |
Stohl, A. |
title |
Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006 |
title_short |
Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006 |
title_full |
Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006 |
title_fullStr |
Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006 |
title_sort |
arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the european arctic due to agricultural fires in eastern europe in spring 2006 |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00296130 https://hal.science/hal-00296130/document https://hal.science/hal-00296130/file/acp-7-511-2007.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Ny-Ålesund |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Ny-Ålesund |
genre |
albedo Arctic black carbon glacier Iceland Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
albedo Arctic black carbon glacier Iceland Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Spitsbergen |
op_source |
ISSN: 1680-7316 EISSN: 1680-7324 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics https://hal.science/hal-00296130 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007, 7 (2), pp.511-534 |
op_relation |
hal-00296130 https://hal.science/hal-00296130 https://hal.science/hal-00296130/document https://hal.science/hal-00296130/file/acp-7-511-2007.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1790609667469082624 |