Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory.
International audience This paper investigates the energy savings of male emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri linked to their huddling behaviour, the key factor that allows them to assume their incubating task while undergoing a long fast. Drawing on new studies by our team, this review examines t...
Published in: | Journal of Experimental Biology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2008
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 |
id |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-00200129v1 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftccsdartic:oai:HAL:hal-00200129v1 2023-05-15T14:17:08+02:00 Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. Gilbert, Caroline Blanc, Stéphane Le Maho, Yvon Ancel, André Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC) Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) IPEV 2008-01 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 en eng HAL CCSD The Company of Biologists info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1242/jeb.005785 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/18083725 hal-00200129 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 doi:10.1242/jeb.005785 PUBMED: 18083725 ISSN: 0022-0949 EISSN: 1477-9145 Journal of Experimental Biology https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, 2008, 211 (1), pp.1-8. ⟨10.1242/jeb.005785⟩ huddling body temperature wind protection microclimate emperor penguin energetic benefit [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2008 ftccsdartic https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 2021-11-28T01:41:42Z International audience This paper investigates the energy savings of male emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri linked to their huddling behaviour, the key factor that allows them to assume their incubating task while undergoing a long fast. Drawing on new studies by our team, this review examines the energetic benefits accrued from huddling and estimates the respective contributions of wind protection, exposure to mild ambient temperatures, reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces and body temperature adjustments in these energy savings. The metabolic rate of ;loosely grouped' birds (restrained in small groups of 5-10 individuals, which are unable to huddle effectively) is reduced by 39% compared to metabolic rate of ;isolated' birds, with 32% of these energetic benefits due to wind protection. In addition, metabolic rate of ;free-ranging' emperors, i.e. able to move freely and to huddle, is on average 21% lower than that of ;loosely grouped' birds. Exposure to mild ambient temperatures within the groups and reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces while huddling, though overestimated, would represent a 38% metabolic reduction. About two thirds of metabolic lowering is attributable to the reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces and one third to the mild microclimate created within the groups. Moreover, body temperature adjustments contribute to these energetic benefits: maintaining body temperatures 1 degrees C lower would represent a 7-17% reduction in energy expenditure. These processes, linked together, explain how huddling emperors save energy and maintain a constant body temperature, which ensures a successful incubation in the midst of the austral winter. Article in Journal/Newspaper Aptenodytes forsteri Emperor penguins Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) Austral Huddle ENVELOPE(-64.983,-64.983,-65.411,-65.411) Journal of Experimental Biology 211 1 1 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archive ouverte HAL (Hyper Article en Ligne, CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
op_collection_id |
ftccsdartic |
language |
English |
topic |
huddling body temperature wind protection microclimate emperor penguin energetic benefit [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology |
spellingShingle |
huddling body temperature wind protection microclimate emperor penguin energetic benefit [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology Gilbert, Caroline Blanc, Stéphane Le Maho, Yvon Ancel, André Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
topic_facet |
huddling body temperature wind protection microclimate emperor penguin energetic benefit [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology |
description |
International audience This paper investigates the energy savings of male emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri linked to their huddling behaviour, the key factor that allows them to assume their incubating task while undergoing a long fast. Drawing on new studies by our team, this review examines the energetic benefits accrued from huddling and estimates the respective contributions of wind protection, exposure to mild ambient temperatures, reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces and body temperature adjustments in these energy savings. The metabolic rate of ;loosely grouped' birds (restrained in small groups of 5-10 individuals, which are unable to huddle effectively) is reduced by 39% compared to metabolic rate of ;isolated' birds, with 32% of these energetic benefits due to wind protection. In addition, metabolic rate of ;free-ranging' emperors, i.e. able to move freely and to huddle, is on average 21% lower than that of ;loosely grouped' birds. Exposure to mild ambient temperatures within the groups and reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces while huddling, though overestimated, would represent a 38% metabolic reduction. About two thirds of metabolic lowering is attributable to the reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces and one third to the mild microclimate created within the groups. Moreover, body temperature adjustments contribute to these energetic benefits: maintaining body temperatures 1 degrees C lower would represent a 7-17% reduction in energy expenditure. These processes, linked together, explain how huddling emperors save energy and maintain a constant body temperature, which ensures a successful incubation in the midst of the austral winter. |
author2 |
Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC) Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) IPEV |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gilbert, Caroline Blanc, Stéphane Le Maho, Yvon Ancel, André |
author_facet |
Gilbert, Caroline Blanc, Stéphane Le Maho, Yvon Ancel, André |
author_sort |
Gilbert, Caroline |
title |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_short |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_full |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_fullStr |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_sort |
energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-64.983,-64.983,-65.411,-65.411) |
geographic |
Austral Huddle |
geographic_facet |
Austral Huddle |
genre |
Aptenodytes forsteri Emperor penguins |
genre_facet |
Aptenodytes forsteri Emperor penguins |
op_source |
ISSN: 0022-0949 EISSN: 1477-9145 Journal of Experimental Biology https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, 2008, 211 (1), pp.1-8. ⟨10.1242/jeb.005785⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1242/jeb.005785 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/18083725 hal-00200129 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 doi:10.1242/jeb.005785 PUBMED: 18083725 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
container_volume |
211 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
8 |
_version_ |
1766289055691046912 |