Microbial Community Composition and Function in Permanently Cold Seawater and Sediments from an Arctic Fjord of Svalbard
ABSTRACT Heterotrophic microbial communities in seawater and sediments metabolize much of the organic carbon produced in the ocean. Although carbon cycling and preservation depend critically on the capabilities of these microbial communities, their compositions and capabilities have seldom been exam...
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ftcarolinadr:cdr.lib.unc.edu:sx61ds716 2023-11-12T04:12:52+01:00 Microbial Community Composition and Function in Permanently Cold Seawater and Sediments from an Arctic Fjord of Svalbard Teske, A. Durbin, A. Ziervogel, K. Cox, C. Arnosti, C. 2011 https://doi.org/10.17615/2f43-rd40 https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/hx11xn227?file=thumbnail https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/hx11xn227 English eng https://doi.org/10.17615/2f43-rd40 https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/hx11xn227?file=thumbnail https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/hx11xn227 http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(6) Communauté microbienne Fjord Froid Sédiment Fiordo Sedimento Seawater Eau mer Comunidad microbiana Frío Sediments Microbial community Agua mar Cold Article 2011 ftcarolinadr https://doi.org/10.17615/2f43-rd40 2023-10-14T22:25:54Z ABSTRACT Heterotrophic microbial communities in seawater and sediments metabolize much of the organic carbon produced in the ocean. Although carbon cycling and preservation depend critically on the capabilities of these microbial communities, their compositions and capabilities have seldom been examined simultaneously at the same site. To compare the abilities of seawater and sedimentary microbial communities to initiate organic matter degradation, we measured the extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis rates of 10 substrates (polysaccharides and algal extracts) in surface seawater and bottom water as well as in surface and anoxic sediments of an Arctic fjord. Patterns of enzyme activities differed between seawater and sediments, not just quantitatively, in accordance with higher cell numbers in sediments, but also in their more diversified enzyme spectrum. Sedimentary microbial communities hydrolyzed all of the fluorescently labeled polysaccharide and algal extracts, in most cases at higher rates in subsurface than surface sediments. In seawater, in contrast, only 5 of the 7 polysaccharides and 2 of the 3 algal extracts were hydrolyzed, and hydrolysis rates in surface and deepwater were virtually identical. To compare bacterial communities, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from the same seawater and sediment samples; they diverged strongly in composition. Thus, the broader enzymatic capabilities of the sedimentary microbial communities may result from the compositional differences between seawater and sedimentary microbial communities, rather than from gene expression differences among compositionally similar communities. The greater number of phylum- and subphylum-level lineages and operational taxonomic units in sediments than in seawater samples may reflect the necessity of a wider range of enzymatic capabilities and strategies to access organic matter that has already been degraded during passage through the water column. When transformations of marine organic matter are considered, differences in ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Svalbard Carolina Digital Repository (UNC - University of North Carolina) Arctic Svalbard |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Carolina Digital Repository (UNC - University of North Carolina) |
op_collection_id |
ftcarolinadr |
language |
English |
topic |
Communauté microbienne Fjord Froid Sédiment Fiordo Sedimento Seawater Eau mer Comunidad microbiana Frío Sediments Microbial community Agua mar Cold |
spellingShingle |
Communauté microbienne Fjord Froid Sédiment Fiordo Sedimento Seawater Eau mer Comunidad microbiana Frío Sediments Microbial community Agua mar Cold Teske, A. Durbin, A. Ziervogel, K. Cox, C. Arnosti, C. Microbial Community Composition and Function in Permanently Cold Seawater and Sediments from an Arctic Fjord of Svalbard |
topic_facet |
Communauté microbienne Fjord Froid Sédiment Fiordo Sedimento Seawater Eau mer Comunidad microbiana Frío Sediments Microbial community Agua mar Cold |
description |
ABSTRACT Heterotrophic microbial communities in seawater and sediments metabolize much of the organic carbon produced in the ocean. Although carbon cycling and preservation depend critically on the capabilities of these microbial communities, their compositions and capabilities have seldom been examined simultaneously at the same site. To compare the abilities of seawater and sedimentary microbial communities to initiate organic matter degradation, we measured the extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis rates of 10 substrates (polysaccharides and algal extracts) in surface seawater and bottom water as well as in surface and anoxic sediments of an Arctic fjord. Patterns of enzyme activities differed between seawater and sediments, not just quantitatively, in accordance with higher cell numbers in sediments, but also in their more diversified enzyme spectrum. Sedimentary microbial communities hydrolyzed all of the fluorescently labeled polysaccharide and algal extracts, in most cases at higher rates in subsurface than surface sediments. In seawater, in contrast, only 5 of the 7 polysaccharides and 2 of the 3 algal extracts were hydrolyzed, and hydrolysis rates in surface and deepwater were virtually identical. To compare bacterial communities, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from the same seawater and sediment samples; they diverged strongly in composition. Thus, the broader enzymatic capabilities of the sedimentary microbial communities may result from the compositional differences between seawater and sedimentary microbial communities, rather than from gene expression differences among compositionally similar communities. The greater number of phylum- and subphylum-level lineages and operational taxonomic units in sediments than in seawater samples may reflect the necessity of a wider range of enzymatic capabilities and strategies to access organic matter that has already been degraded during passage through the water column. When transformations of marine organic matter are considered, differences in ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Teske, A. Durbin, A. Ziervogel, K. Cox, C. Arnosti, C. |
author_facet |
Teske, A. Durbin, A. Ziervogel, K. Cox, C. Arnosti, C. |
author_sort |
Teske, A. |
title |
Microbial Community Composition and Function in Permanently Cold Seawater and Sediments from an Arctic Fjord of Svalbard |
title_short |
Microbial Community Composition and Function in Permanently Cold Seawater and Sediments from an Arctic Fjord of Svalbard |
title_full |
Microbial Community Composition and Function in Permanently Cold Seawater and Sediments from an Arctic Fjord of Svalbard |
title_fullStr |
Microbial Community Composition and Function in Permanently Cold Seawater and Sediments from an Arctic Fjord of Svalbard |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microbial Community Composition and Function in Permanently Cold Seawater and Sediments from an Arctic Fjord of Svalbard |
title_sort |
microbial community composition and function in permanently cold seawater and sediments from an arctic fjord of svalbard |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.17615/2f43-rd40 https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/hx11xn227?file=thumbnail https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/hx11xn227 |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
op_source |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(6) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.17615/2f43-rd40 https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/hx11xn227?file=thumbnail https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/hx11xn227 |
op_rights |
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.17615/2f43-rd40 |
_version_ |
1782331154331860992 |